How To Write A Law Essay Like A Pro - .com

So, you are on your way to becoming a lawyer. But, have you mastered the art of law essay writing? If you find yourself getting stuck on your law essays, you will find helpful. Read on to learn how to write a law paper.We have prepared a comprehensive set of tips to help you write a law paper.Choosing a law essay topic: keep it relevantThere are two ways to make your law essay relevant: answer the question or the prompt you were given and provide context for your essay (you are your own arguments) in your introduction.Making a law essay relevant does not mean that it should always tackle a social justice issue. Rather, it should directly and clearly answer the question or the task posed by your law professor. Many law professors complain that law students often ramble in their essays, which results in long, aimless essays. Rambling in your essaysthat is, writing without a clear structure or outline in mindonly undermines the quality and authority of your argument.The solution is to nip it right in the bud: make sure to state your thesis or your argument in the introduction of your essay. This is perhaps one of the most common tips for writing an introduction for any type of essay. But law school needs you to take it a notch higher. Your thesis should present a logical, well-reasoned thesis and make sure that you connect it back to the law. Connecting your answer to the law demonstrates not only your knowledge of the law but also your ability to think critically and apply it to a real-life situation.Our second tip is one of the most important law essay introduction tips: provide context for your essay. That means that you should first explain the situation and/or the issue at hand before presenting your proposition. This will guide your reader on the facts of the case, which as you know is crucial in law. Furthermore, it will show your professor that you have read the case and have thought about it sufficiently.Pre-writing: ResearchIt is a given that you should conduct your research before writing any essay. In law, you need to read and re-read the facts of the case or the question being asked, and then research the laws and other relevant cases to help you make your own case. Make sure that you understand the assignment correctly. Part of your research could be brainstorming with your classmates to ensure better understanding of the assignments and of the materials, and most importantly, of the laws you will talk about.One more thing you should consider is the kind of reference you are required to use. If your law professor does not specify the type of references, make sure that you do not just rely on one type of source. Employ a combination of primary (e.g. interviews, cases, legal readings), secondary (e.g. textbooks, editorials, articles), and tertiary sources (e.g. encyclopedias, legal page websites). Most importantly, cite your sources properly!The legal essay formatAs with any piece of written work, when you write law essays, it i s best to first make an outline. This will keep your thoughts structured and keep you from straying while you write about something as complex as, for instance, a business law essay. While it is advisable to follow the typical legal research outline format of Introduction-Body-Conclusion, focusing on the ideas and how to organize them makes the process of writing better.There is really no one rule on how to write a law essay as it all depends on the topic and on your writing style. However, there are typical law answer formats. So, if you are being asked to define the word law, your essay will still need to have an introduction, a body, and a conclusion, but you will not have to talk about the details of a case. Rather, you will devote time in defining the word and the process of passing a law.If you are being asked to write about Mens Rea in criminal law, for instance, you will have to take a different path from above. You will have to first define Mens Rea and refer to various con clusions of law with regard to Mens Rea.Writing the draftOnce you have done sample research and analysis, and have done your legal research paper outline, you can proceed with writing your first draft. While writing, keep your outline in sight so that you can stay on track.Take note that this is just the first draft. Your paper will likely go through 2 or 3 drafts before it becomes ready for submission. Do not ever assume that you can submit your first draft. Even if you followed your criminal law essay outline, your first draft is always going to turn out badly.Make sure that the paragraphs are focused. Each point in your legal research outline format should have their own paragraphs. More complex points may take more than one paragraph. In any case, make sure that the topic of each paragraph is clear to your research by employing topic sentences.Another common misconception among law students is that they need to write in long, complex sentences to sound knowledgeable. More often than not, long sentences become confusing and fail to deliver the message. Long sentences are not forbidden, of course, as long as they are understandable. Do not try to squeeze in too many ideas in one sentence. Do not be afraid to break down your thoughts into multiple short sentences.The legal research paper formatA legal essay follows a specific format. Some professors require the typical APA or MLA citation style, but others require Bluebook or OSCOLA. The latter two are more commonly used in law school since they were specifically made for law essays. So, if you want to write for law school, you should familiarize yourself with these two. There are many law essay examples that you can use to help with your law school paper format. You should pay attention to font, spacing, margins, and headers. Be mindful of the pages in law cases as you need to cite those, too.Likewise, you need to meet the word count specified by your professor. You may go above (unless otherwise stated), bu t keep it at 10%. However, never submit to class a legal essay that is below the required word count.Revising the essayIt was mentioned earlier that you should not submit your first draft ever. Your essay will have to go through two to three revisions before it becomes presentable. If you want to maximize the time you will devote to revising your essay, it is advisable that you take some rest after writing. This guarantees that you have fresh eyes during the revision, which will enable you to see the flaws in your law essay. When you revise your essay, ask yourself these things:Does your essay address the prompt?Re-read the prompt and see if your thesis statement and essay actually address them. Sometimes, your understanding of the prompt may even change a little. If you think this difference is crucial, then incorporate this in your essay as well.Does your thesis statement clearly present your arguments?In addition to addressing the prompt, your thesis statement should present the arguments you will present in the essay. It should be easy to understand and free of grammatical errors, too.Are your arguments logically sound?Question the strength of your arguments by trying to think of counterarguments. If your arguments can withstand counterarguments, then they are good to go. If not, try to patch up any loopholes you find.Did you connect your arguments to the law?Check also if the connections are strong and well-explained.Are your ideas organized well?Make sure that your ideas are presented in a logical manner, with all the connections well laid out for your reader. Always assume that your reader is not as familiar with the topic as you, so you need to spell out relevant details clearly.Is your essay coherent?All the details of your essay must make a full circle and relate to the thesis statement. Similarly, your arguments must not undermine each other.Did you cite your sources properly?Avoid unintentional plagiarism by double-checking all your sources. Any an d all ideas that are not considered general knowledge and were not your own should be cited. Did you correctly follow OSCOLA or Blue Book? Did you include the page where laws you cited appeared?Check the minor details, too.Did you meet the word count? Trim down your word count or add more as necessary. What about other minor instructions, were you able to do all of them?Use these questions as a checklist when you revise your law essay or any essay for that matter. Make sure to go through from page one of your legal essay up to the reference page.Proofreading the legal essayProofreading your essay is the last step of the revision process. Before starting with this, you might want to take a breather. Take a break from writing so that you canproofread and revise with fresh eyes. Conversely, you may ask someone, like a friend orroommate, to read your legal essay for you. This should be someone you trust will give you honest comments. They can point out to you parts that are not clear, l oopholes in your arguments, and grammatical or typing errors you may have committed.Once your friend or classmate has proofread your essay, go through the essay thoroughly yourself. This is also your chance to make sure that all your references were properly cited. Doing this will minimize errors and greatly improve the quality of your law essay.Law essay writing helpWe have carefully prepared these steps and tips to help you write a great legal essay. All of these are equally crucial to writing an A+ essay, so make sure to follow each step and consider our tips. Create an outline first before writing your essay. Remember to check if your thesis statement is strong enough and addresses the prompt, check the soundness of your arguments, make sure that your essay is organized and coherent, and finally, make sure that you cited all your sources accordingly.However, if you feel that the essay you have written needs extra boost, feel free to contact us here at . We are a ghostwriting ser vice company, which includes a legal essay writing service that aims to provide academic help to all students, including law students. We have carefully studied the process of effective legal essay writing, and thus can provide you the best assistance with your law essay writing. If you feel that you need help with how to write a great law essay, you can head on to our website for custom essay help. You can ask us to help you with legal research paper outlines, coursework, case briefs, legal essays, or any other law assignment writing you need.

Top Mopey 80s Songs of Self-Absorption

Same Sex Marriage Is Right Or Wrong - 979 Words

In recent years, the topic of whether same-sex marriage is right or wrong has created a controversy. People should not feel coerced to agree with something they believe is wrong; clearly, same-sex marriage is immoral and unnatural. Many complications come with same-sex marriages including financial pressures, social pressures, moral pressures, and health risks. Many people believe in a traditional marriage between a man and a woman. God created man and woman to be faithful, produce children, and replenish the Earth; therefore, this can’t be accomplished in a homosexual society. Same-sex marriage is contrary to the word of God and the laws of nature; therefore, it is incompatible with the beliefs, sacred texts, and traditions of many religious groups. Many biblical scriptures talk about the immorality of same-sex relationships. For example, Leviticus 18:22 states, â€Å"Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination†. Marriage is a privilege, not a right. It is not correct to redefine marriage away from the original meaning. The founders of Chick-fil-a took a stand on their Christian beliefs and closed their stores nationwide on Sundays allowing their employees to attend church and spend time with their families. They also created a media frenzy by taking a stand against same-sex marriage with an unprecedented amount of support from the straight community. It was extremely difficult and took quite some time to successfully legalize same-sex marriage inShow MoreRelatedWhy Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1478 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Same Sex Marriage Shouldn’t be Allowed Why shouldn’t Same Sex Marriage legalized? Number one why would you want more gay couples walking around and getting married? It flat out is just not right at all. No matter if same sex marriage is legal or illegal it will never be okay on any circumstance. Marriage has always been between A Man and Woman not two guys and two girls. Marriage should stay the same, it should not be legalized, they’re just too many wrongs to it and it is not acceptable. TheRead MoreGod Hates Same Sex Marriage Essay978 Words   |  4 Pages Marriage is a precious gift given from the good lord up above. Marriage is a privilege that should be allowed to only a man and a woman. In the bible there are many scriptures that back up my opinion on marriage, and none of the scriptures say same sex marriage is okay. In this modern day and age people are altering the definition of marriage. People are trying to add between a man and a man or between a woman and a woman. The importance of my topic is to keep the original definitionRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Is An Emerging Issue852 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex marriage is an emerging issue in the USA. This issue has gained a lot of debate on levels of federal and state governments. Referring to the context of legislations and judiciary same sex is declared legal in various states of the country. In contrast various states have their own laws and constitutional amendments which restrict people from same sex marriage. Variations at the state level rise ambiguities and questions about these unions being valid or not if contracted outside the jurisdictionRead MorePro Gay Marriage Essay807 Words   |  4 Pagesand religiously wrong. For millions of people all around the world that’s the harsh reality. Times are changing in the world that we live in today however discrimination against gay and lesbian couples is still a frequent issue with only 13 countries that fully legalise and recognise gay marriage with full equality. The most common argument for people being against gay marriage is that it’s â€Å"not natural† for two people of the same sex to have a marriage. Opponents of gay marriage make out thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article 10 Reasons Why Homosexual Marriage Should Not Be Opposed By Tfp Student Action1290 Words   |  6 PagesArticle â€Å"10 Reasons Why Homosexual â€Å"Marriage† is Harmful and Must be Opposed† by TFP Student Action the group lays out ten points on why it believes homosexual marriage is not only wrong but is harmful to society. The article gives 10 reasons why same-sex marriage is wrong: it is not marriage, it violates natural law, it always denies a child either a father or a mother, it validates and promotes the homosexual lifestyle, it turns moral wrong into a civil rights, it does not create a family but aRead MoreSame-sex Marriage553 Words   |  3 PagesWhile many people oppose same-sex marriage, there are really no valid reasons ag ainst it. If your daughter told you she wanted to marry another woman because she loved her and it would make her completely happy, would you oppose it? If you really think it through, you might find its not as easy to answer the question as you thought. First lets look at some of the common reasons against same-sex marriage. One of the reasons someone might give against same-sex marriage is that it goes againstRead MoreGay Marriage Should Not Be Denied Service1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves as Christian businesses and refuse to cater to gay marriages. They do this based on their belief that gay marriage is wrong, and against their faith, and because of this they can’t provide their services or they would be supporting it. In Indiana, a small town pizzeria was asked what their position was on the Religious Restoration Freedom act, and stated that they were a Christian establishment and could not cater to gay marriages. However they would serve gay people and couples in their storeRead MoreThe Controversy Over Same-Sex Marriages861 Words   |  3 Pagesit would be wrong for society to accept marriages between same-sex couples. The masses express confusion regarding the homosexual community and individuals are generally inclined to discriminate homosexuals. While some consider that marriage i s not actually an important thing and it is irrelevant whether or not a gay couple unites through official means, recent events show otherwise and it is apparently very important for a homosexual couple to have access to the institution of marriage in order forRead MoreWhat is homosexuality? Homosexuality is the romantic or sexual attraction or sexual behavior900 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavior between members of the same sex or gender. What is same sex marriage? Same sex marriage is marriage between two people of the same sex. The legal recognition of same-sex marriage or the possibility to perform same-sex marriage is called marriage equality or equal marriage. The recognition of same-sex marriage is a political, social, human rights, civil rights, and religious issue in many nations around the world, and there are continuous debates over whether same-sex couples should be allowedRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage984 Words   |  4 Pageshomosexuals and heterosexuals alike. I t has helped grant homosexuals the ability to get married while also helping or hurting heterosexuals depending on their opinion of whether same-sex marriage is right. Those that support it are praised for their nature of acceptance and understanding, yet those who believe it is wrong, based off of religion or personal morality, are berated by society for being homophobic and inconsiderate of other peoples’ feelings. Society has evolved from being a nation under

Vortioxetine Cognitive In Depressed Adults -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Vortioxetine Cognitive In Depressed Adults? Answer: Introduction According to the information provided by the CBS News, the effect of placebo has proved to be beneficial for patients suffering from depression. However, according to the views of Irving Kirsch, placebos have proved to be effective in curing disorders like bowel syndrome, ulcers and even Parkinsons disease. He emphasized on the topic of Randomized Clinical Trials, where it was observed that individuals suffering from osteoarthritis has undergone knee surgery however, there was no difference. In this case the placebo effect did wonders to the patients suffering from osteoarthritis and proved to be better than the real surgery. In this regard, it is noteworthy to point out the methodological weaknesses that have been associated with the Randomized Controlled Trials while evaluating the importance of placebo. The main weakness that has been highlighted is regarding the usage of placebo controls during clinical trials which are considered to be controversial even today. However, with changing methods and scientific techniques, the use of placebo controls has been permitted by the international ethical guidance and ethical analysis (Hall, Loscalzo and Kaptchuk 2015). The permission has been granted based on the following factors- where no effective treatment has been observed regarding a condition which is the subject matter of current study and when the nature of the treatment can cause negligible risks to the participants (Kakwani and Siddique 2014). In this regard, it is noteworthy to mention here that, when there develops irresistible methodological reasons which promotes the use of placebo, in that case the intention of the research is to develop certain interventions. The interventions have to be implemented and therefore the selection of trial participants can be determined. The concept of methodological reasons has proved to be essential in evaluating the importance of placebo effects (Belzung 2014). In this regard, it has been centralized that since time immemorial, Randomized placebo controlled trials has been considered to be an accurate method of assessing the adequacy of the treatment in preventing interventions (Kakwani and Siddique 2014). In modern era the concept and practice of placebo controls has been accepted by the people (Hall, Loscalzo and Kaptchuk 2015). However, such acceptance is limited in case of trial methods where there is no effective treatment for a certain disease. It has been addressed in the transcript that randomized control trials have been raising ethical concerns during the existence of an effective treatment. In this regard, the selection of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed. In this context, it can be mentioned that the use of placebo control trials (PCTs) are permitted and has been accepted in cases where there exists no effective intervention for the conditions under examination (Hall, Loscalzo and Kaptchuk 2015). Secondly, the use of placebo has proved to be an effective in treating various discomforts. It is noteworthy to mention here that; placebo has been accepted in treating the treatments related to common headache, ulcers and even osteoarthritis. The use of placebo is also permissible in cases where there arise negative consequences and is left untreated (Leppnen et al. 2014). However, the risks concerned must be negligible and the use of placebo must be treated as an alternative. Justification has been applied to the use of placebo controls in trials of new treatments and also in case of conditions in which the response of both the established treatment and placebo is highly fluctuating. It has been established that, depression is often associated with fluctuating symptoms and is concerned with a placebo response rate which is comparatively high (McIntyre, Lophaven and Olsen 2014). However, it is common to have contradictory evidence of the effectiveness of certified anti-depressants which proved to be superior to the placebo effect in some trials. However, in most of the cases, the use of placebo as a sugar pill proved to be beneficial over the actual anti-depressants. The major methodological weakness is associated with the determination of the drug. Determining a certified anti-depressant and a new drug has proved to be a major challenge. While demonstrating the equality of a new drug with that of an established anti-depressant, it is impossible to come at a conclusion regarding the performance of a particular drug (Walsh et al. 2014). It is difficult to determine that the performance of which drug was better that the placebo in the trial method (McIntyre, Lophaven and Olsen 2014). It was emphasized that similar conditions may arise in case of treatments associated bowel syndrome and Parkinsons disease. In this regard, the use of placebo control may prove to be productive. References: Belzung, C., 2014. Innovative drugs to treat depression: did animal models fail to be predictive or did clinical trials fail to detect effects?.Neuropsychopharmacology,39(5), p.1041. Hall, K.T., Loscalzo, J. and Kaptchuk, T.J., 2015. Genetics and the placebo effect: the placebome.Trends in molecular medicine,21(5), pp.285-294. Kakwani, R. and Siddique, M., 2014. Operative compared with nonoperative treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter trial. InClassic Papers in Orthopaedics(pp. 229-231). Leppnen, M., Aaltonen, S., Parkkari, J., Heinonen, A. and Kujala, U.M., 2014. Interventions to prevent sports related injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Sports medicine,44(4), pp.473-486. McIntyre, R.S., Lophaven, S. and Olsen, C.K., 2014. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of vortioxetine on cognitive function in depressed adults.International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology,17(10), pp.1557-1567. Walsh, M., Srinathan, S.K., McAuley, D.F., Mrkobrada, M., Levine, O., Ribic, C., Molnar, A.O., Dattani, N.D., Burke, A., Guyatt, G. and Thabane, L., 2014. The statistical significance of randomized controlled trial results is frequently fragile: a case for a Fragility Index.Journal of clinical epidemiology,67(6), pp.622-628.

Native American Women

Significant development of America depends on the efforts of American nation including the men and women. Beside men, women contributed in the political, economical, social and cultural development of America. Native American men and women both worked side by side with vigorous aspiration. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, enthusiasm of Native American women is remarkable in the American history as they participated in the war fields, domestic, politics and other activities. This essay shall analyze the changing experiences of Native American Women from the context of the book â€Å"Through Women’s eye: An American History† written by Ellen DuBois and L. Dumenil. This essay shall discuss the prominent factors that affected views and social values of Native American Women in the late nineteenth century, variation of White and Nativ e American women, boarding school experiences of Native American, and attempts of Americanization. In early nineteenth century, lives of Native American women were entirely depend on men and believed in ‘submission to men’. They worked in home to nurture their children and worked less in the fields but still played a dominant role in the family (Dubois Dumenil, 2008). By the end of the nineteenth century, an astonishing change in the lives of native women took place. Christian missionaries encouraged the social mores of the native women. This mainly appreciated their cultural values and developed confidence to interact. Apart of working in homes Native women participated in the wars, economical and political phases of life (Dubois Dumenil, 2008). A value of native women differs on the bases of their cultural activities. White women were urbanized as compared to native women as they were educated and literate whereas the native women belonged to conservative environme nt (Simonsen, 2006). The values of white women and Native women differs on the basis of the work they performed, the white women worked as imperials of domesticity and native women worked as a domestic labor. Native women were more enthusiastic towards participating in wars their work was prominent, but the white women participated in other political activities (Simonsen, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Native Women lived a life of restrictions because of living bounded life. Going out for boarding schools was impossible and unpredictable experience for them. Native girls were pushed to learn English after the era of war. Even though they attended school, they still had to go through a certain degree of discrimination. Native girls were brought up in a family system where independence and self-sufficiency was considered as a taboo for women (Bari Cayleff, 1993). Native women w ere sent to boarding schools where they were not even allowed to meet their parents at all. Native women had to suffer discrimination as they were sent to work as servants for white people. Consequently, they were treated as savages that appeared as a discouraging manner for them. Boarding school were not a good experience for native women because it somewhat opposed their cultural and traditional rituals (Bari Cayleff, 1993). It has been noted that there are two classes of women who have rather opposed or supported the attempt of Americanization. As a matter of fact, it became to observation that native women greatly opposed the concept of Americanization. The reason behind their opposition was the fact that Americanization did not respect their traditional and cultural values (Bok, 2005). Although they worked besides the white women but still they were victims of discrimination which was a result of Americanization. On the other hand, supporters thought that attempts of America nization can be helpful in excluding discrimination and cultural gaps between people and will provide platform for prosperity (Bok, 2005). References Bari, B., Cayleff, S. (1993). Wings of gauze: women of color and the experience of health and illness. Michigan: Wayne State University Press. Bok, E. (2005). The Americanization of Edward Bok. New York: Cosimo Inc.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dubois, E., Dumenil, L. (2008). Through women’s eyes: an American history with documents. Michigan: Bedford/St. Martin’s. Simonsen, J. (2006). Making home work: domesticity and Native American assimilation in the American West, 1860-1919. Carolina: UNC Press Books. This essay on Native American Women was written and submitted by user Leona Deleon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Election of 1876 essays

Election of 1876 essays Why Hayes Should Not Have Won the Election The position of President is the most important position in the United States government. Wouldnt you think that we should have the very best man in that position that we can get? I, Samuel Tilden, feel that the Election of 1876 was a disgrace to the history of our government. I still believe that I should have won that election because of corruption of the voting process itself, he didnt have the organization a president should have and because the people wanted me to win, not Rutherford. I certainly believe that the chosen president should reflect the peoples choice. One reason why Hayes should not be president is because of the Election of 1876 itself. When the votes were counted and sent in to Washington, I was the clear winner; 203 to 165 electoral votes (Haworth 76). However, the vile Republicans decided to change the votes of the three states they still controlled by throwing away Democratic votes! Obviously this isnt how the leaders of the United States should be acting. You cant change what the people want by throwing out votes. Later, when Congress held a meeting to decide whom the winner should be, there was an unfair amount of Republicans over Democrats, so we were bound to lose. We accepted the Compromise of 1877 because another Civil War would not be worth it (Robinson 111). After Hayes became president, he didnt know what to do with his new position. He didnt have the confidence a President of the United States should have. Of course, he had a couple of ideas he wanted to try, such as wiping out the color line and abolishing sectionalism, but his major plans didnt work (Haworth 125). When he assigned a southerner as postmaster general and withdrew troops from the south, the last two Republican states turned Democratic. Hayes was quoted saying, I am reluctantly forced to admit that the experiment was a failure ...

The Conflict between Territorial Integrity and Self-Determination Essay

The Conflict between Territorial Integrity and Self-Determination - Essay Example Such a classic perspective of statehood with respect to territorial integrity has manifested a simmering tension with another international principle. Recent events, equated with the collapse of the USSR, illustrate that the concept of self-determination shows a tendency to conflict with this long-held principle in international law. The embrace of territorial integrity by international law has something to do with international security and stability and there is a gnawing concern that the burgeoning concept of self-determination may pose a challenge to the status quo. Nonetheless, one need not necessarily neutralize or render the other principle void. While territorial integrity still finds relevance in the present times, the world must find a place for self-determination for the purpose of resolving existing conflicts and avoiding the escalation of violence or the eruption of wars. The international community must seek ways to moderate the build-up of tension between these two see mingly contending international principles. Territorial Integrity and Self-Determination: Definition of Concepts The origin of the concept of self-determination can be traced back to the 1789 American Declaration of Independence and later in the 1792 French Declaration. It originally refers to the entitlement endowed to the state by the populace to govern on their behalf with their consent as well as represent them in the international community as a separate, independent and co-equal entity alongside other states (Castellino p.11). Simply put however, self-determination was just perceived as â€Å"the right of nations to sovereign independence† (cited Schwed p. 447) According to the Finnish international law professor Koskenniemi, the concept of national determination can be viewed from two perspectives. The first has a patriotic facet while the other a secessionist element. The first model has a classical or Hobbesean underpinning because it sees the nation as a state and s elf-determination as closely related to the presence or absence of procedural mechanism that the state adopts to allow its citizens to participate in decision-making. Anything outside of this decision-making procedure, therefore, is â€Å"destructive, irrational passion† according to this model (Castellino pp. 9-10). The implication of this perspective is that the state is placed at the center of everything and that self-determination is legitimate only when it preserves the state as an organized body and when it prevents bellum omnium or what Hobbes called â€Å"a war by all against all,† which occurs in the absence of a civilized society (Leviathan Chapter 13). On the other hand, the second model of self-determination has a more romantic underpinning to it as it is largely based on Rousseau’s social contract theory. In this model, procedure is relegated to the background while purpose and goal take center stage. Moreover, this model does not see a nation as me rely an artificial entity, but as an authentic community. Self-determination from this perspective is thus, an expression, rather than a procedure, of the will of the community geared towards the collective good, not necessarily of the state (Castellino pp. 9-10).An example of the classical or Hobbesian model is the Palestinian claim against Israel, while the South Ossenian-Georgia conflict illustrates the romantic or Rousseauesque model. On the other hand, the concept of territorial integrity has underpinnings from the concept of state as a person of international law under the