Fossil Fuels: Our Societys Dependency :: essays research papers

Fossil Fuels Our Societys DependencyOur society has become dependent on fossil fuels for energy. That seemsfine for now considering the fact that everyone is principally happy in thepresent situation. Fossil fuels are relatively inexpensive and seem to be doingthe trick right now. Using fossil fuels arise much(prenominal) issues as global warming,rising costs of scarce resources, and shortages of raw materials. None of theseproblems leave alone draw full attention until the acquire is needed, its the oldsupply and demand scenario. Although my opinion may seem pessimistic if you go steady at past events it points to the supply and demand scenario.During World War II rubber supplies were cut rack up to the western worldand we began to work on a heighten that was a synthetic rubber. We succeeded insupplying the demand and now that same synthetic compound is used today. Mytheory is that the same thing will happen with such things as plastic, which ismade from fossil fuels. Someon e will either come up with a synthetic plastic orcome up with something to substitute for plastic. The person who comes up withthe solution will become and instant millionaire and everyone will be happy.There is one draw back of this way of solving problems, I mean sure its greatto wait until the demand but we should still hit the books from our mistakes. We shouldlearn to plan ahead and see what the consequences could possibly be.We still have other demands to meet, there are three major demands offossil fuels and they are heating, merchant vessels, and industry. Althoughtransportation is taken care of, we may not like the thought of a solar car oran electric car but there are solutions out there. Frankly the oil companiesdont want to lose their monopoly in the transportation industry and that bringsus into the whole economy issue. If we run out of fossil fuels what will happento the economy? Will it suffer? These are just a few questions that are askedeveryday, but for now we ar e just going to look at solutions for demands onfossil fuels. This chart below illustrates the demands and the possiblesolutions.Energy Demand Alternative Energy Sources and Practicesheating - solar heating, heat pumps, geothermal energy,biomass gas, and electrical from hydro andnuclear plantstransportation - alcohol/gasohol and hydrogen fuels, andelectric vehicles- mass transit, bicycles, and walking- solar energy, nuclear energy, andhydroelectricity- improved efficiency and waste heat recoveryIn conclusion I dont think the need for a substitute for fossil fuels will

Gender Roles in Classical Greece Essay examples -- Term Papers Researc

Gender Roles in Classical GreeceMissing Works CitedIn Classical Greece, roles played by males and females in society were well-defined as well as very distinct from each other. Expectations to uphold these societal norms were strong, as a breakd avow within the system could destroy the success of the oikos (the household) and the males reputationtwo of the most important facets of Athenian life. The key to a thriving oikos and an unblemished reputation was a respectable wife who would expeditiously and profitably run the household. It was the males role, however, to ensure excellent household management by molding a young woman into a good wife. Women were expected to enter the marriage as a symbolically empty vessel in other words, a nave, uneducated virgin of or so 15 years who could be easily shaped by a husband twice her age. Through the instruction of her husband, the empty vessel would be modify with the necessary information to become a good wife who would maintain a n orderly household and her husbands reputation, thereby fulfilling the Athenian female gender role for citizen women. In order for a young woman to be marriageableunadulterated, inexperienced, and unknowingshe had to have been raised in an extremely sheltered environment, wedded little contact with the world beyond her fathers household. In Xenophons Oeconomicus, the husband, Ischomachos describes his new wife to Socrates How Socrates . . . could she have known anything when I took her, since she came to me when she was not soon enough fifteen, and had lived previously under diligent supervision in order that she might see and hear as little as possible and ask the fewest(prenominal) possible questions (Oeconom... ...imately men were in command in all situations Ischomachoss wife says, For my guarding and distribution of the indoor things would look somewhat ridiculous, I suppose, if it werent your push to bring in something from outside ( Oeconomicus, VII 39). This suggests that even though the wife was the indoor household manager, she was still obeying her husbands orders that were the driving force of her own agency within the oikos.Making the transition from living a nave existence under the protection of the father to presiding over the oikos under the supervision of the husband was the essential social norm for youthful citizen Athenian women. It is unsurprising, then, that in a patriarchal society, the young female could only fulfill her societal role as manager of the oikos when her assumed empty vessel was filled by her husband with the proper knowledge.

Carmen :: essays research papers

Carmen is a story about a girl who is only fourteen years old and she deals with contemptible to a new neighborhood and her abusive, dipsomaniac father. As she deals with her fathers problems and her mothers denial she quickly f every last(predicate)s into a life of drugs and despair, which will follow her throughout most of her life. It all starts with Carmen and her family moving from Brooklyn to New Jersey they risk a bigger house and buy lavish furniture that they cannot afford.Her dad has always been an alcoholic, but lately he has break down aggressive and lashes out at Carmen and her mother. After he tries to strangle Carmen she tries to run away and finally succeeds on her second attempt. Carmen then lives with her friend sweetie for for a while and she becomes disposed to heroin. Carmen meets two people through Lulu Nancy and Bud. Bud grows fond of Carmen and she decides to live with Bud who is a drug dealer, but after she repeatedly steals drugs from him, he kicks Ca rmen out. Carmen who has no place to go, walks around the subway for hours and Nancy recognizes her and offers Carmen a place to stay by introducing her to Hugh and Gene, they are two men that protect her and they are cognize as pimps. Carmen turns to prostitution because it is the only way to pay for the drugs she uses. One day Hugh is caught and charged with operating a business illegally and Carmen becomes bored quickly and moves to the Bronx to find much work. Carmen then meets Vinnie, a man who enjoys her company and sometimes gives her money out of pity for her situation.Vinnie starts to use heroin while Carmen is away and he overly becomes addicted to the drug. Vinnies personality changes and he is desperate for money and a way to get high, so he and Carmen plan to burglarize a office of a recently deceased person. They break into the house while the funeral takes place and as they attempt to leave, the police arrest both Carmen and Vinnie. They are put in chuck out and enter a drug abuse program. Carmen and Vinnie are released after ninety days and they both turn to drugs again.One day Carmen walks down an channel and Nancy recognizes her and boodle to talk. Carmen is asked by Nancy to baby sit her son Tommy and she agrees to watch him for a little while so Nancy can run some errands.Carmen essays research written documentCarmen is a story about a girl who is only fourteen years old and she deals with moving to a new neighborhood and her abusive, alcoholic father. As she deals with her fathers problems and her mothers denial she quickly falls into a life of drugs and despair, which will follow her throughout most of her life. It all starts with Carmen and her family moving from Brooklyn to New Jersey they find a bigger house and buy lavish furniture that they cannot afford.Her dad has always been an alcoholic, but lately he has become aggressive and lashes out at Carmen and her mother. After he tries to strangle Carmen she tries to run away a nd finally succeeds on her second attempt. Carmen then lives with her friend Lulu for awhile and she becomes addicted to heroin. Carmen meets two people through Lulu Nancy and Bud. Bud grows fond of Carmen and she decides to live with Bud who is a drug dealer, but after she repeatedly steals drugs from him, he kicks Carmen out. Carmen who has no place to go, walks around the subway for hours and Nancy recognizes her and offers Carmen a place to stay by introducing her to Hugh and Gene, they are two men that protect her and they are known as pimps. Carmen turns to prostitution because it is the only way to pay for the drugs she uses. One day Hugh is caught and charged with operating a business illegally and Carmen becomes bored quickly and moves to the Bronx to find more work. Carmen then meets Vinnie, a man who enjoys her company and sometimes gives her money out of pity for her situation.Vinnie starts to use heroin while Carmen is away and he too becomes addicted to the drug. Vinni es personality changes and he is desperate for money and a way to get high, so he and Carmen plan to burglarize a home of a recently deceased person. They break into the house while the funeral takes place and as they attempt to leave, the police arrest both Carmen and Vinnie. They are put in jail and enter a drug abuse program. Carmen and Vinnie are released after ninety days and they both turn to drugs again.One day Carmen walks down an avenue and Nancy recognizes her and stops to talk. Carmen is asked by Nancy to baby sit her son Tommy and she agrees to watch him for a little while so Nancy can run some errands.

whats good without evil Essay -- essays research papers

Without Evil Whats GoodIf my devils are to leave me, I am afraid my angels will take escapism as well. Rainer Maria Rilke wrote this to explain the nature of humanity. He expressed his views on human behavior and how humans theorize. Without evil, one does not know exactly what honor is. Everyone possesses good and evil qualities. For they are balanced and create stability in everyone. If the one doesnt exist then humans would not be fit to differentiate or comprehend whether their actions are right or wrong. In our nature life always presents deuce sides of a situation therefore, making us act and think the way we do every day. In the beginning of the myth Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, there is a theme of society in which the boys begin to show order. Problems occur based on the sinful nature of man in desperate conditions. Jack and his hunters greatly illustrate the evil in human nature. Most of the story is made of the battle between good and evil through symbolism. While Ralph represented the good of the boys, Jack symbolized evil. Order is a great p ruse of human behavior since it allows people to act upon rules and values. Ralph and Simon conducted order by guiding the boys. They built shelters and fires in order to stay civilized. As the novel began, they had rules and concerns and acted like civilized people who had some sort of governmental atmosphere. Ralph decided to choose a leader and every once in a patch they would call assemblies. Ralph always seemed like the calmer on, but as time progressed he began to show his savage side towards Jacks group. At first, Jack would never think about killing a baby pig, yet later discover he is the first to turn into a savage hunter. Society was taken out-of-door from them and therefore they lost their values and innocent thoughts and began killing the early(a) boys. Without knowing what bad was, none of them would feel guilty of what happened on their stay at the island. on that point is a gr eat struggle between savage and civilization as the two groups of boys argue and try to live on their own until they are rescued. In the same way, the novel Grendel, by John Gardner, reinforces the fact of evil and good in people. Grendel had both characteristics of human and of monster. He acts like a child and has the tone of one, ye... ...small occurrence could change soulfulness and their bad side will automatically arise within them. Dick experienced inner conflicts within himself with the fact of world a black man and anything was able to strike his inner anger. He began committing crimes and killing people in his town. The mystery of his background and the reason he digging people symbolizes that evil is all around and nothing can stop it once it hits. Dicks new personality shocked the boys to see how someone so nice and kind could turn out to be so uncivilized after all. No matter how pure and civilized someone seems to be, the other side eternally exists. Inevitably, a ll people must have the sense of right and wrong, angel and devil, in order to go through life and pull in the meaning of it. Without knowing the good, the bad will not exist and vice versa. In humans the quality of dual nature exists. Each work of art will always have these views in characters because it shows how people think. Though Jack and Grendel were perceived as the devilish characters, they both had a sense of pureness. All were created with two consciences for learning through experience and observation.

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man :: Portrait Artist Young Man

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man         jam Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is considered to be one of the finest works of literature of all time.  Herbert Gorman, an author from the early ordinal century, stated that so profound and beautiful and convincing a book is part of the lasting literature of our age, and with good reason.  The main character of the novel, Stephen Dedalus, is a labyrinthian and dynamic youth, and one who undergoes vast changes during the course of his spiritedness. The main influences on him are family and religion.  As his life passes, Stephens feelings towards these influences change drastically.         Stephens family is very important to him.  His father, Simon, plays a major portion in his early life, and Stephen has great respect for him.  However, there are instances when Stephen is angered by his fathers actions, and resents his statements.&nb sp The growing debts incurred by Simon lead to his sons transferring to a day school.  Stephens difficulties at his occasion educational institution are relayed by his father, much to the chagrin of the younger Dedalus.  Later in the novel, Stephen loses even more respect for his father as the familys debts bear to grow and they are forced to move.  Once, when the two males travel to sell of the family estate, Simon returns to his former school and converses with his former classmates.  Stephen is upset to hear of his fathers wild behavior as a youth, and of his flirtatious nature.  He begins to rebel against his strict upbringing, striking back at his familys traditional values and way of life.         Religion is an ever present force in Stephens life.  He attends a religious school from an early age, and is a devout Roman Catholic.  He has great reference for the priests at his school, and even fears the rector.  As his life progresses, Stephen experiences great feelings for women, and finally gives into his desire when he encounters a prostitute in Dublin.  From this point forward, he views his life as an immoral one and makes many attempts to be it.  He goes so far as to deprive all of his senses from any form of

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man :: Portrait Artist Young Man

A Portrait of the Artist as a early days Man         James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is considered to be one of the finest works of literature of altogether time.  Herbert Gorman, an author from the early twentieth century, stated that so profound and beautiful and convincing a book is part of the lasting literature of our age, and with good reason.  The main character of the novel, Stephen Dedalus, is a complex and dynamic youth, and one who undergoes vast changes during the course of his life. The main influences on him atomic number 18 family and religion.  As his life passes, Stephens feelings towards these influences change drastically.         Stephens family is very important to him.  His father, Simon, plays a major role in his early life, and Stephen has great respect for him.  However, there are instances when Stephen is angered by his fathers actions, and resents his sta tements.  The growing debts incurred by Simon lead to his sons transferring to a day school.  Stephens difficulties at his former educational institution are relayed by his father, much to the necrose of the younger Dedalus.  Later in the novel, Stephen loses even more respect for his father as the familys debts continue to grow and they are forced to move.  Once, when the two males travel to trade of the family estate, Simon returns to his former school and converses with his former classmates.  Stephen is upset to hear of his fathers wild behavior as a youth, and of his flirtatious nature.  He begins to rebel against his strict upbringing, striking grit at his familys traditional values and way of life.         Religion is an ever present force in Stephens life.  He attends a religious school from an early age, and is a devout Roman Catholic.  He has great reference for the priests at his school, and even fears th e rector.  As his life progresses, Stephen experiences great feelings for women, and finally gives into his desire when he encounters a ill-use in Dublin.  From this point forward, he views his life as an immoral one and makes many attempts to correct it.  He goes so far as to deprive all of his senses from any form of

Alexander Hamilton: Financial Plan Essay

After the Founding Fathers ratified the typography, they realized that they had to deal with sixty-three million dollars debt that they owed to those who took part in the American Revolution. In order to pay back this debt Alexander Hamilton created a financial program. However, some Republicans such as Thomas Jefferson and James Madison thought that his stick out was unconstitutional because superstar would need to use the necessary and straightlaced clause which most people feared because it gave the government too much power. This, however, is not so Alexander Hamiltons financial plan however was mostly constitutional because it allowed it to use the powers as well as responsibilities congress already had such as print its receive form of currency, issue taxes, and ultimately pay off debts. Hamiltons financial plan can be broken down to four parts the taxation, content bank, Hamiltons broods, and the assumption plan all four were within his rights to do so. One of the four parts of Hamiltons economic plan was taxation.He place a tax on Distilled Spirits, or otherwise known as whiskey, because not many people produced it and sold it. This part of his plan that was completely constitutional. Since it is one of the enumerated powers as seen in the Constitution (I, 8, 1) that Congress is allowed to collect and levy taxes to pay off a debt. Thus Hamiltons taxation on distilled spirits was constitutional. The spot part of the financial plan was the creation of the national bank. Some things the national bank did were that it established a national currency and establish credit in the expectry and overseas. The national bank was constitutional because it could have been done through the stretchy clause, or the necessary and proper clause (I, 8, 18). This clause could have been apply because it allowed Congress coin money, pay off debts made in the Revolution, and regulate commerce. Also, all three are enumerated powers. Another part of the economic pro gram was the surveys proposed by Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton presented three reports from January 1790 to December 1791.The first was a report on public credit. This proposed to replace old bonds with new ones for those who had them. And the Federal government would also break the state debts. This could be done through the necessary and proper clause because this would ultimately allow the government pay off some of its debts. The second report was also a report on Public credit in this one however he wanted to place a tax on distilled spirits. This could have been done because of in the Constitution, (I, 8, 1), congress had the power to tax. He also proposed the creation of the national bank. This too could have been done through the necessary and proper clause because the national bank would help Congress to use its other powers like coin money and regulate commerce. The third and final report was the report on manufacture. In this Hamilton proposed a program where the governm ent would aid and encourage the manufacturing enterprise and American industries.In this report Hamilton wanted to put tariffs on merchandise goods to protect American Industries. This also allowed them to compete with the more inexpensive European imports. This could also have been achieved through the necessary and proper clause because it would help inventors and it would count as a tax which would help with the debt. What Hamilton proposed in the reports was constitutional mainly through the necessary and proper clause. The final part of Hamiltons financial plan is the assumption plan. The assumption plan is the plan where the government would assume all state debts by paying off all bonds sold at compositors case value.This would ultimately help America gain good credit. This plan was too constitutional for it helped pay off debts which is one of the responsibilities of Congress stated in the Constitution (I, 8, 1). In turn the Elastic clause could be used to say that this pl an is constitutional. All in all, all parts of Alexander Hamiltons economic program were constitutional. The whiskey tax was constitutional through Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the constitution. The national bank could have been justified through the elastic clause. The reports were also constitutional through mainly the necessary and proper clause. The assumption plan was also constitutional because it supported Article I, Section 8, Clause 1. This proves the constitutionality of Hamiltons financial program.

Spring Break Essay

Dylan Farmer 1/24/2012 English 101 jounce break is mainly a sentence of partying for most teenagers that go to my high school, but I was off to California with my girlfriends family to graceful much explore a whole former(a) side of the U. S. California is the place that constantlyy person and the homo wants to go for their spring break. I was very(prenominal) happy that my girlfriends mom is a travel agent, so we got a pretty good deal for the prices of our flight and on the hotel prices. Just for extra fun we drove to Chicago and stayed there for ii nights. We explored downtown Chicago, all the amazing buildings.We even got to go into the old Sears Tower, which was something that I think every adept needs to see. Its probably one of the best sights Ive ever seen, other than the point Ive only seen a good view going down Quincy hill near my domiciltown. I forgot to mention that when we left for our flight to California that was going to be my first time ever flying on an ai rplane. It was very exciting to fly, especially since it was going to be a long ternary hour flight. I felt like a little kid again when the flight attendant gave me my wings for flying for my first time.Not all people in the world get to pose flying, so I thought I was pretty lucky to get to enjoy this experience. We arrived in Los Angeles, California. The hotel we stayed in was one of the best hotels Ive ever been in. This hotel was so big and fancy, and the weight room that was there was bigger than the fitness center back home. This hotel excessively had two pools. The outdoor pool looked really beautiful, because it had a giant water fall leading into the pool, but it was closed down while we were was staying there, so I middling used the normal everyday hotel pool, which was indoors.It was very incredible to see something like this on how beautiful a single hotel could be, and look. Exploring the streets of California was really fun. I adventured through the fashion distri ct, which has a lot of loud items. There was some kid trying to sell me copyrighted DVDs, which I actually bought, but out of the three I bought, but only one of the movies worked. One of the obvious reasons of why I went to California was that I got to see all the amazing sites that all normal tourists go and see.We all walked around the Sanna Monica Pier, Manhattan Pier, and also to the great Venice beach. It was very pretty place to see all the people walking around and all the little gift shops on the beach. However, out of the three piers I went to, the Manhattan Pier was one of my favorites, because I got to see my first dolphin, which was pretty awesome, and I never thought Id actually have the peril to see one with the little time that I was there. Later in that week our last trip was to Hollywood boulevard, which was a crazy place to playact some weird people.There was a lot of people singing, dancing, selling stuff, or any other random ways to make a dollar. Hollywood B oulevard was still a very interesting place, seeing all the stars on the ground with some hand print in it or their writing. One pretty interesting thing that I noticed is that Muhammad Alis star was the only one that was hanging up, because all the other stars where just on the ground, but I guess he was the fighter of America. When it was about time to leave California, I was feeling something different than usual, like I didnt want to go back home just right yet.I just wanted to stay there and enjoy the sun. I knew that my spring break had to end at some point, though It was just amazing how different the society was here than Michigan. I think I liked it better here, but that is probably because Im not backup here 24/7 like I am in Michigan. I thought to myself how I would rather go on vacations than partying for my spring break. Spring break is where one can actually learn about a different state and see new sightings for the first time. It was a great experience to go on this trip to California.

Jet blue case study Essay

The United States airline industry includes roughly 600 companies with combined annual revenue of approximately 170 meg dollars (bts.gov). The major companies include American, Delta, and United Continental (bts.gov). There are air operations of express delivery companies such as FedEx and UPS. This industry is highly gruelling with the 10 largest companies accounting for more than 75 percent of industry revenue (bts.gov). The global airline industry generates about $500 billion annually (tbs.gov). The major international companies include Air China, Deutsche Lufthansa, Air France-KLM, Japan Airlines, and British Airways (bts.gov). Discussion Questions1. Discuss the trends in the U.S. airline industry and how these trends might impact a play alongs strategy. Trends in this industry are numerous. This discussion will include the equipment casualty of jet fuel, on-time performance, security, and cheaper substitutes. Oil price volatility is the leading player in airline strategy ( jetblue.com). Fuel is probably the most significant element in an airlines base cost (jetblue.com). The new fuel price average for the year 2012 is around 129.7 dollars per barrel (jetblue.com). The impact of this years fuel bill for the global airline industry is upwards of 32 billion dollars (jetblue.com).The causes for delays and cancellations of flights are reported monthly to The Bureau of transportation Statistics (bts.gov). On time performance has many factors a few of these factors are air carrier delays, latish arriving aircrafts, security delays, extreme weather, and equipment (bts.gov). Air carrier delays are within the airlines control. This area includes maintenance/crew problems, aircraft cleaning, baggage loading, fueling, and such (bts.gov). A easy arriving previous flight Read Full EssayView as multi-pages

Sebastien Faulks

Baulks novel is very much a social commentary on the problem of war, and he uses many techniques throughout partly one to foreshadow what is possibly the most notorious, famous and tragic events of the First World War the participation of the Some. With part one being rigid on the Some, Its hard to escape the underlying sense that It all points towards this battle, but when the family visit the water gardens, Baulks foreshadows this event In a number of meanss.The first way In which he does this Is through his description of the abundance of them, more precisely their hectic abundance seemed to him close to the vegetable fertilely of finale. Now, the Battle of the Some Is salutary documented for the freeing of life as a result of It (over people died in total) and this reference to the word death, Is an Important link. As the Battle of the Some was famous for the amount of death that occurred.In the same paragraph, he says this The brownish waters were dim and shot through w ith the scurrying of rats from the banks where the earth had been dug out of trenches and held acantha by elaborate woody boarding. As you can probably guess, there are a few different parts of that that are a direct allusion to the Battle. The first of these is his mention of brown, murky waters. One of the biggest problems for soldiers serving in the trenches during all of these big battles was the lack of clean water for drinking, so this phrase, brown waters were murky and shot through is a holy hint towards the Battle.Another one in this extract is his elaboration on the problem of rats in this part of the river. Rats were quite possibly the most problematic factor in trench airfare, be that in the Battle of the Some or elsewhere, and they carried with them disease, and also helped themselves to soldiers supplies. Now, seeing as they have been mentioned, it is possibly the most explicit example of indicate to the Some, because they were such a huge and notorious problem.The third, and possibly most obvious, reference from this extract is probably the last part, where he speaks of where the earth had been dug out of trenches and held back by elaborate wooden boarding. The Battle of the Some epitomized trench warfare, it was the cost noble-minded use of trench warfare the world had ever seen, particularly as It was the longest battle of the First World War. As well as this reference to trenches, there is another similar one on the next page which reads, the moulder of matter Into the turned and dug earth.Turned and dug earth Is an allusion to the changing of the ground and landscape that occurs when trenches are dug, so that Is another big reference to the Battle of the Some. In what way does Sebastian Baulks foreshadow the Battle of the Some in his ascription of the water gardens in Birdsong? By Adam_smiths 998 With part one being located on the Some, its hard to escape the underlying sense that it all points towards this battle, but when the family visit the water gardens, Baulks foreshadows this event in a number of ways.The first way in which he does this is through his description of the abundance of them, more precisely their hectic abundance seemed to him close to the vegetable fertility of death. Now, the Battle of the Some is well documented for the loss of life as a result of it (over 1,000,000 people died in total) and this reference to the word death, is an important link, as the same paragraph, he says this The brown waters were murky and shot through with and held back by elaborate wooden boarding.As you can probably guess, there are a most expansive use of trench warfare the world had ever seen, particularly as it was there is another similar one on the next page which reads, the rotting of matter into the turned and dug earth. Turned and dug earth is an allusion to the changing of the ground and landscape that occurs when trenches are dug, so that is another big

Public Schools vs Private Schools Essay

Introduction Are individual(a) give instruction students better than those in state-supported take aims? What be some of the accompanimentors that separate the quality of direction received by the two groups of students? Controversy has in the past brewed over studies that come indicated that students in reclusive civilises perform better than those in cosmos schools. This story is therefore meant at an in-depth analysis of both the macrocosm and private stakeholders in the statement system. The paper will focus on a knowledge that reveals the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats experience by students going through and through both systems.The study employs a unique selection model that involve religious and non-religious in comparison to public schools. The study focuses on how these factors excise the selection of schools by individuals and what exactly make private schools attractive. The paper also evaluates measures that bed be taken to ensure that both the public schools and the private schools offer the same quality of education. Research problem The competition between private and public schools has been ongoing for a long time. It is only with find which one is better that we can establish who is better between private school students and public school students.Although inquiry has been continuous for quite some time, it is unsufferable for any expressive style to state empirically that one system is better than the different. Similarly, there hasnt been enough improvement in the educational sector despite the fact that recommendations stimulate been made constantly as to how to try and equalize these systems. This therefore begs the question. How can the research be carried out in such a way that it proudlights major issues in the educational sector that need to be addressed?The research is also supposed to bring to light an empirical way through which the quality of public school students can be measured against t hat ofprivate school students. Human macrocosms tend to be proud of institutions that they atomic number 18 affiliate to. That being said, conduction of an analysis of the system could be hindered by exaggeration or even false witness statements.Research questions and variables The study should allow for the comprehension of issues that make it to the rift between public and private schools. It should also allow for the answering of questions such as be private school students better than public school students? If so how antithetic atomic number 18 they from public school student?Or rather, in what aspects do these students differ? The paper should also address the possibility of an discussion in the education sector so as to address the issues that demarcate the two institutions in terms of quality education. This should be able to create a lasting ascendant to the quality issue. Variables involved in this study include socioeconomic status, p arntal education, peer group characteristics and community of interests support. Socioeconomic status This is usually referred to as SES. This could shine education at the home level as well as the attitude towards education.The materials read at home could be truly resourceful in improving the students intake of knowledge. Similarly, a good environment, one without parental quarrels, where all the basic human needs are met can ensure that the student can focus more on education. Availability of books and access to the internet is a major contributor to the learning process. These facilities are not available to all though and this could affect the quality of education. Socioeconomic status could also affect the attitude towards education making data arrangement during the research rather difficult.Parental education The level of education of the parents is also a variable in this study. Parents could influence their children to either, study hard and achieve as much as they did or to disregard education a ll the same. Parents with a lower education level are not able to monitor their childrens progress in school or even to determine if they are receiving quality education. This may lead to reduced standards in education. Parental education could affect the quality of a students puddle at school as well. Peer group characteristics.The company that is to be found at a prospective school may without a doubt determine whether a parent considers the school for his/her child. Parents always want what is best for their children. The thought that negative behavior is quite usual in public schools could be a negative aspect. This study should however establish whether this is true and find ways to mitigate the same. Community support The community does in a way regulate the activities of a learning institution. The community influences arena and behavioral mannerism that are acceptable.This is a major variable since different communities could prefer different behavior. Importance and bene fits of research This research could without a doubt be the elusive solution to the issues surrounding equality and equity in the educational sector. The research will also answer the unanswered questions like what factors make private and public school students different, whether the students are different or not as well as the question as to what can be through with(p) to ensure that there is a lasting solution to these issues. Research objectives.The study and later on the research process, is meant to highlight issues that separate quality education provision between the public and private schools. It should also establish if at all public schools are better than private schools and vice versa. The research process will highlight orbits where these two differ and find ways to resolve these issues creating a lasting solution to the issues that have plagued the educational sector for a very long time. This paper, with the focus on past studies, will also look at past recommenda tions and what has been done to put them into effect not to mention the results they have achieved so far.What challenges have been faced during the implementation process and how they can be remedied in the future are also questions meant to be answered in the study. Literature review The literature reviews in this paper has paid special emphasis on the choice of schools. The academic phrase has been tackled by David N. Figlio and Joe A. Stone. The ideas and measures stipulated in this clause are as per stipulated by the two detectives. Their study is mainly aimed at comparing private and public schools.Several factors have been put into consideration. They include the performance, management of the school, the quality of the teaching process, class size and the facilities offered by the school. The writer of this article argue that private schools are more transcendent than public schools because the learners in private schools are more likely to successfully graduate from high school and get chances in colleges or universities. The proponents of this article can be criticized by the fact that public schools offer comparatively equal quality education.Also this article has used data from different private and public schools to watch the best school between private and public schools. This article has also placed a special emphasis on the unique dispute that occurs between the public schools and private schools sponsored by the church. Reality stipulates that other factors apart from religion can influence the quality of education that can be provided. For representative the writers of this research article should have considered factors such as the selection process. Perhaps the selection process used during the intake of private schools mainly focuses on apt students.The second article that has been tackled in this literature review a research that was done by The Center of Educational policy. The most unique thing with this research is that it recogn izes that factors such as family minimise and the level of the school should be considered before making a comparison between any public and private schools. Also, a lot of studies that have been done in the past by scholars such as Hoffer, Coleman and Kilgore(1982) made conclusions that private schools are incomparably better than public schools.It is in-chief(postnominal) to consider other important aspects of family life during any study. The good thing about this research is that it did appreciate the fact that the difference in issues such as the family of origin can make a great difference in the performance of different students. Although this study has considered these factors, it is still vivid that there are other issues within their methodology that have made their conclusion that those public schools are better and private schools appear lame.They argue that public schools improve the value of students and dish out them to continue maintaining the spirit of their priv ate school performance, but there are still others who whose performance indicate a dropping graph. The other article dealt with in the literature review is the comparison made between private schools, public schools and market schools done by Andrew J. Coulson. His paper focused on informally still information and this is likely to be biased.Sometimes, the media can encode information that private schools are better than public schools so that they can only create a public opinion that private schools should be preferred to public schools. The strength found in this article is that the information used is data that has been collected from conglomerate parts of this world such as Chile, Thailand, India, Nigeria and Indonesia among other countries. The Educational Next JournaL IS the last article of the literature review in this proposal. The author of this article is known as Elena Llaudet and Paul E. Peterson. This journal was written on winter 2007.They used NCES model that used to infer to a students background during the study and comparison of family backgrounds to identify incidences of poverty in families. They argued that the use of this model would help to identify the strengths of both private and public schools considering that the factor of poverty should be held constant. They also analyzed the number of students who had language difficulties and researched to see the language used in their homes. The writers of this article should have considered to analyze other factors that are likely to affect a students performance apart from their backgrounds.Research design The research design of this particular study is mainly based on the discretion that a lot of comparison and analysis should be done in order to be able to answer the research problem. This research will be carried out by the use of field interviews, questionnaires and other methods that will be found workable at that time. To ensure that all possible comparison is made, the researcher will ensure that they make a list of Ten public school and ten Private schools to compare several variables about them.The main area of comparison is the academic performance, but other factors that are likely to affect academic performance will also be considered. These factors include facilities, human resource, discipline and the environment among other vital factors. Data collection methodology The data collection methodology of this research proposal is aimed at collecting data from students, teachers, the ministry of education and its departments together with youth correction institutions.Correctional Institutions for the youth will be very resourceful to help us to understand the rate of school truancy between the population from the public and the private schools. The data should be collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, as well as hypothesis. The questionnaire should also be aimed at helping the researcher to understand how students feel about being in a publi c or private schools. Other possible questions include Do you think you would perform better if you were in a private school? Or Do you think that you would add more value in private or public school?If you were given a chance to rate the facilities of your school out of ten, what value would you give? Also, the interviews will be conducted to students in school (both private and public), teachers, Heads of various school departments and the parents too. Expected results When family background is taken into account, the following results are expected from the research First and foremost, young adults whose education was at private schools are likely no to be engaged in civic activities compared to young adults whose education was at public schools that are known to have restrain resources and traditional ways of education.Also, when the population of young adults who schooled in private schools is compared to those who schooled in public schools, it is clear and vivid that those pe ople who attended traditional public high schools are more satisfied with their jobs compared to the others who schooled in private schools. The performance of students in public schools is also expected to be better than those in private schools considering that they are trained to be more independent.Finally the people who are more likely to attend college are those in public schools and not private schools. Generally, these expectations are meant to reveal that the people in private schools neither receive short term nor long-term academic advantages. Conclusion In conclusion, it is unequivocally vivid that to understand the differences and uniqueness of both public and private schools, a lot of analysis has to be done. This research is only a proposal of a lot of work which is in the offing to try and answer the research question.Public schools have various shortcomings and strengths at the same time. In the same way, private schools also have their uniqueness and shortcomings t oo. References Andrew J. Coulson, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, (2009) Comparing Public, Private, and Market Schools The International Evidence, Journal of School Choice Coleman, J. S. , Hoffer, T. , & Kilgore, S. (1981). Public and private schools. Washington, D. C.? National Center for Education Statistics . Coleman, J. S. , Hoffer, T. , & Kilgore, S. (1982).High school attainment public, Catholic, and private schools compared. New York Basic Books. David N. Figlio, School Choice and Student Performance Are Private Schools Really Better? , , September 1997 Elena Llaudet, Paul E. Peterson, The NCES Private-Public School Study, winter 2007/Vol. 7/NO. 1 Hoxby, C. M. (1994). Do private schools provide competition for public schools?. Cambridge, MA National Bureau of Economic Research. Mendelssohn, J. (2007). Which school? beyond public vs private. North Melbourne Pluto Press.

Community Policing Problem in the United States

Many reports from newspapers and journals claim that society policing is increasing in popularity across the United States. However there are also many reports that point out that partnership policing is not a panacea for all social ills. While community policing is in theory a very in effect(p) path of combating execration, yet in reality there are many practical job that have to be overcome.Community policing is generally seen as a system of policing that requires optimum cooperation between the police force and the public so that the most effective methods of crime prevention and apprehension can be employed. A definition from the California Attorney Generals Office is a as follows Community policing is a philosophy, management style, and organizational strategy that promotes pro-active problem solving and police-community partnerships to address the causes of crime and fear as well as other community issues. In a theoretical and ideal sense community policing is, a collabo rative crusade between the police and the community that identifies problems of crime and disorder and involves all elements of the community in the search for solutions to these problems. It is lay downed on close, mutually beneficial ties between police and community members. (About Community Policing)However there are many problems area that have to be practically dealt with in order to ensure that community policing actually lives up to these ideals. champion aspect that comes to the fore when discussing this problem is that the entire concept of this form of law and order enforcement and management lies in the integration between the police and the community. One of the specific problems encountered concerns a reticence on the part of some police officers to fully participate in this symbiotic relationship. As one study puts this problem While community policing promises an expansion of the professional role which will be appealing to many police officers, it also requires e xperimentation with major changes in the way in which officers and their departments think about and organize their work. (Riley J. 1997)The effective implementation of community policing often requires fundamental changes in the way police offers have traditionally ideal about their work and the way that many police department are organized. This also implies that the strict hierarchical structure of many police departments also has to be changed to align itself with the demands of a closer cooperation with the community. All of these changes are often initially difficult to implement and an integration period is often necessary. This often necessitates that,Police departments must convince their patrol officers that it makes sense for them to take community policing seriously, if a successful transition is to take place. In this context, administrative decisions about organization, resource allocation, and the promotion of item-by-item officers shape the understanding of patrol officers in important ways.Adjustment problems may also take place from the point of view of the community. This is especially the case with minority communities, where prior suspicions and misunderstandings about new forms of policing may arise. However, it is mainly in the area of plan and organization, which are crucial elements in the implementation of effective community policing, that problems occur. Problems associated with planning and coordination which characterizes the beginning of any organizational change was among the most frequently expressed concerns of the officers (ibid) In a study by John Riley entitled Community Policing Perspectives from the Field, it was found that many officers felt that there was a lack of direction in the move towards community policing. (ibid)Another potential practical problem that has been encountered is that the policing area may be very large and therefore require to a greater extent officers than would normally be the case in conve ntional policing activities. . it takes a whole lot more cops to do community -presence work. Suburban counties are often big. (Reed 2)A further aspect that has been mentioned in many reports is that if community policing does not function optimally whence the blame may be directed to the police force, making the situation more difficult and complex than before. If community policing is not able to accomplish a solution to all the communities problems, it could easily become the scapegoat for an array of community related problems. (Community-Oriented Policing Blessing Or Curse?)The above are only a few of the most important issues that face community policing. While this method of law enforcement is ideal in that it optimizes the most effective relationship between the community and the police force yet, in the initial stages, it can present many practical and logistical problems. However, once these problems have been overcome, community policing often proves to be a highly effe ctive form of law enforcement.

A Memorable Experience: My Son’s Graduation Day

Memorable Experience Having children in my life make me feel to a greater extent responsible. I have two children, teenagers, Elvis 17 years old and David 14 years old. My husband and I raise them with love and devotion unless It comes a moment and we realize that they are growing up genuinely fast. My younger son finished eight grade In Forest marrow School. Celebrating my son s graduation was a memorable experience for me. A good looking Is Important for this event. For examples, he was dressed In pants, and shirt, and tie. He looked uniform a man.He Is taller than me and that It means too such for me because I m very short for him. And sure I was In unadulterated dress for that event, too. I bought a beautiful dress especially for that day. I invited my mother to be with us in that special day. The ceremony was so activated. For instance, the principal speech was so emotional and encouraging the student for their future, so in the end of it everybody were in cheer. Another emotional moment was when one of the student sang the national anthem. She did it in perfect way and all the people liked it.And the third and important nominal moment was when I heard MO son s name by the principal f the school who gave him the diploma. I was in tearful from emotions. His name was between honor students. He is such a nice child. He neer gives me hard time during his life. My mother and I felt both proud of him. We took some pictures to memorize those moments, with teachers, who felt so proud for my son, and his friends and then we left. The party for gradational student is the cherry on cake. The party took place in a small bar. He did know nothing about it. The party was a amazement for him. Y younger sister was prepared the party. The adornments and lour balloons decorated the place. All my sisters and brothers with their husbands and wife with their children ,too, were there to help her and to celebrate with my family. There also were friends, and relatives, a nd neighbors, too. The drinks, the music, and the food were amazing. Everybody had mutation that day. We danced and we sang Albanian music all late afternoon. To memorize those moments we did pictures and videos. Celebrating my son s graduation was the most wonderful and amazing moment for my family especially for younger one.A Memorable Experience My Sons Graduation Day By trendily with love and devotion but it comes a moment and we realize that they are growing up very fast. My younger son finished eight grade in Forest Middle School. Celebrating my son s graduation was a memorable experience for me. A good looking is important for this event. For examples, he was dressed in pants, and shirt, and tie. He looked like a man.

A Visit to an Amusement Park Essay

On the day of my thirteenth birthday, I was really excited since I was going to an amusement park for the world-class time in my life. So me and some of my friends I had invited, got into the car with my mom and dad, ready to have the time of our lives at the amusement park. On reaching the park, we bought tickets for everyone and entered the park. The only fitting description for it was amazing. I was really spellbound. Everywhere people were pathetic excitedly from one ride to another, funny music drifted to our ears along with the screams of laughter from every direction, people get dressed up like clowns were entertaining the kids, and the most exciting was the rollercoaster, it looped in and out of nowhere and ran up and discomfit and spun around in a crazy manner. My parents handed me some money and told us to enjoy the rides. We first queued up for the roller coaster, which was the greatest attraction of all. Soon we were seated on the ride and held on to the veto holding us firmly to our seats.The next ten minutes was a blur of screams, the wind whizzing with our hair, laughter and tightly closed eyes. We descended with shaky knees and dizzy heads, but with faces full of broad grins and adrenaline impulsion through our body. We headed straight for the bumper cars and in short started bumping into each other with as much force as we could, enjoying ourselves thoroughly. whence we went for those shooting games in which you get a prize if you hit the target. Ready to show our shooting skills, we were soon loaded with video game prizes and some soft toys which didnt make us happy since the duration for playing with soft toys was long gone for us.Still, we took them since we had won them. Then came the most scary part, The Freaky House. Rumors had it that at once you entered it, you never came out the same. So, being thirteen year old teenagers, and claiming not to be afraid of anything we entered the phratry with heads held high, but came out of i t with goosepimples on our hands and our hearts thumping loudly against our chests. To top all this we were palpitation from head to foot, with all those scary images in our heads which would haunt us throughout our lives.During all this we hadnt sight time fly and it was getting dark, so we entered an indoor restaurant where we were joined by our parents and we ordered a birthday boy special meal for me and burgers, pizzas and sodas for everyone else. We ate and drank and told my parents what we had done that day. Finally we all returned home and state ourgoodbyes I lay on my bed, with the images of all the fun I had that day replaying in my mind constantly.

Examine Marxist views of the role of the family Essay

Marxist is a perspective view that ships company is built as class conflict between the Capitalist who own the agency of occupation and the pop offing class. Capitalists believe that at that place is are three functions of the family Inheritance of property ideology functions and unit of consumptions. Marxists say that the family benefits capitalistic. Marxists say that one social occasion or functions of the family is inheritance of property. The Bourgeoisie own the means of production whereas the working class just work for the capitalist and own no means of production. The Capitalist want to keep control of the means of production and the only way they can do this is by inheritance of property, which means that all the property is pass down to the first son. A Marxist sociologist, Engles, says this explains the rise in monogamist marriages as marriage makes reliable there is a legitimate heir. This is why families are important as it helps maintain a capitalist society. Ano ther role or function the family has is an ideology function. Ideology function means a peck of beliefs and ideas that the capital is a dominant class and that the equality is right and just.The family helps keep this idea by indigenous socialisation of the young and children being brought up learning these ideas that Capitalism is right. This helps maintain capitalism because children will eventually become the next labour force for capitalists. The last role of the family is that it is a unit of consumption which means that Capitalist own the production and the working class are wanting for Capitalist as headspring as buying from them. This helps maintain capitalism, which is a familys main role or function, because they are buying from capitalism and they would benefit. Feminist would criticise Marxist by saying that the family benefit men and men only, causing aoppression for women. Functionalist would criticise the Marxist view that the family benefits Capitalist. They beli eve that society is based or a value consensus. And that the family benefits society as well as its individual members.

Bright Light Innovations SWOT Analysis Essay

A group of professional members of Colorado conjure up University excited some developing and tradeing the growth The Starlight outfit consumes 50 to 70 percent slight fuel than regular compasss The stove generates electricity from a thermoelectric generator. Competitors do not offer the selfsame(prenominal) features as the Starlight Stove. Increase plate income because Starlight Stoves allows families to focus to a greater extent on earning more money rather than compile fuel or wood to generate electricity The Starlight Stove costs less than the competitionWeaknessesThe university is a non- get under ones skin in organization, making it harder to find funding Working adults in Nepal put up between $1 and $3 per twenty-four hoursLess than half of the Nepalese population push aside evidence marketing campaign ineluctably to be adjusted based on engineering limitations circumspection is launching its product in a precise extraordinary culture with economic uncertain ty that pile bring many challenges to the teamOpportunitiesOffer an advanced product, Starlight Stove, where consumers puke safely cook Expand to the Nepal market as the climate is accessible to promote the untried product There is a target market of 89 percent of households that need electricity in Nepal The Starlight Stove pull up stakes directly contri simplye to the reduction of erosion and flooding in Nepal Starlight Stove technologies can increase household efficiency by more than 20 percent per day Children can focus more on education because Starlight generates more hours of lightThreatsStreams and rivers can create micro-hydropower, allowing households to generate electricity at no additional cost Solar panels can offer electricity to many householdsNepals section into 75 districts creates a market segmentation that become a true challenge when introducing the impudently product The prudence team notbeing able to find a funding institution that can provide loans to the Nepalese peopleEvaluation of Alternatives brilliant Light Innovations has a series of considerations that need to be reviewed before making final decisions. Introducing a new product on such(prenominal) a unique market can guard a lot of challenges for management (Mckeever, 2005). Culture and population be classical factors for management to evaluate before reaching onto this market (refer to Appendix A). There are good factors such as climate and social needfully that make Nepal a strong market to award the stove business. However, funding and household income are big concerns for management because even though there are a lot of strengths and opportunities for Bright Light Innovations in Nepal, treats and weaknesses can negatively impact the launching of the Starlight Stove in the Nepalese market. Management wants to be a for-profit business and in order to make a profit they would ware to sell the Starlight Stove for $80 per unit. As described in the case, there are a bout 9.2 million households in Nepal, but the GNI per capital is approximately $400.Nepalese people do not make more than $3 per week, which limits management when making pricing decisions. Micro-financing mogul be a possibility but they have to consider that not all households have a fixed income. Consequently, finance institutions might be hesitant to provide loans to some of the families. Since management does not want to look to donations, grants, or government relief, they will have to reach onto business leaders, government members of Nepal, and other institutions to expose the product and all the benefits it can bring to the country. As described above, some of the benefits of the Starlight Stove are offers an innovative technology where consumers can safely cook, contributes to mortify erosion and flooding in the area, increases household efficiency by more than 20 percent per day, and generates more hours of light which can help children focus more on education.If Bright Light Innovations decides to manufacture the Starlight Stove locally, it can represent an increase in local jobs, income per capital, and childrens education. In addition, it can drastically mitigate deforestation and indoor air pollution (top ten causes of mortality). Therefore, strong marketing strategies and decisions have to be introduced to effectively promote the Starlight Stove throughout the 75 districts (60villages consisting of 450 villages). Management require to carefully consider the marketing invention for this product since there are technology limitations and only half of the adults can read in Nepal. defend of RecommendationsMarket segmentation allows marketers to assure customers needs and identify target markets (Peter & Donnelly, 2011). Bright Light Innovations will be able to evaluate different segments to consider differential advantages in each of those segments. Furthermore, management will be able to determine any of the incisionicular marketing mix f or a more successful strategical plan. Market segmentation can be obtained by researching geographic entropy (zip code, region, etc), demographic data (age, occupation, nationality, etc), psychographic data (social status, personal type, etc), behavioral data (customer behavior), or any other data that can be unspoiled to the research (Kawasaki, 2004). According to Hyman and Sierra (2010), before a service or product is introduced into the market, the marketer needs to have a good understanding of the consumers needs and preferences. For that reason, it is recommended that management considers all of the limitations and challenges that the Nepalese market has for the Starlight Stove.Major decisions need to be made by management to effectively make profit on this product. Therefore, since there are similar characteristics in northern India, management should consider this other market as another possible option (see Appendix B). India is a far more developed country than Nepal. In dia is be in the lower-middle-income group with a GNI per capital of approximately $1500 (The World Bank, 2014). On the other hand, Nepal is ranked in the low-income group. There are other possible markets in South Asia that can be consider and might represent a less challenge, especially since management is looking to make profit. Bright Light Innovations needs to consider GNI numbers before deciding where this product will be launched. Because there are technology limitations in Nepal, management will need to create a marketing campaign that can be clear and easy to understand by the Nepalese citizens. Magazines are always a great radical of marketing, but these can represent a challenge in Nepal since only half of the adults can read and 11% of the households have electricity.Therefore, visuals and signs can be strategically placed among the different villages to target the corresponding districts. Bright LightInnovations can go to the schools and educate the children about how the Starlight Stove can benefit their families and their make outs as they represent the future generations in Nepal. In this way, children can speak to their parents about everything they have learned about this new innovative and affordable new product. Management can also arrange meetings with each of the local governments to introduce the product and explain all the benefits that can bring to the local communities. In this way, local government officials can help Bright Light Innovations hold local gatherings with audio-visual systems that can attract as many villagers as possible. Management can speak to the crowd about the benefits of the Starlight Stove and demonstrate its features through a live demo or lively entertaining video.The audience will get to know the product and understand the positive impact that can have for their families and environment. A market segmentation process has to be created to determine the households who have electricity and target the appropria te market to obtain an analysis of consumers needs and preferences (Fiore, 2005). Management will have to create a strategic marketing plan to reach those customers who already have electricity (e.g. solar panels) and might be interested in saving money. According to Perreault, Cannon, and McCarthy (2013), marketers need to do a competitor analysis to compare the strengths and weaknesses of your current (or planned) target market and marketing mix with what competitors are currently doing or are likely to do in response of your strategy (p. 63).For example, promotional materials are important factors in the success of a marketing plan (Horvth, Mitev, & Bauer, 2014). Management need to create advertisement with lots of visuals that provide information about the Starlight Stove to attract villagers from different areas. Bright Light Innovations needs to find a financial institution that can offer flexible loans to the Nepalese villagers as household incomes vary from district to dist rict. If the product is manufactured locally, which can save a lot of import taxes, management might consider establishing a discount program for the employees.As a result, more locals will be able to afford buying the Starlight Stove, increasing deformity name and brand loyalty throughout the villages. In todays economy, marketing strategies have to be flexible enough to accommodate market needs and preferences. The long-term success of a product comes from strategic marketing plan ideas and long-term marketingand brand building that can directly impact the competitiveness of a company, especially by differentiating it from competitors, and product placements part of long-term marketing and brand building (Kramoli & Kopekov, 2013, p. 98).ReferencesFiore, F. F. (2005). Write a business plan in no time. Que Publishing. Hayrynen, K. L. (2014). Its all about marketing. International Journal Of Metalcasting, 8(3), 7-12. Horvth, D., Mitev, A., & Bauer, A. (2014). Winning media strategie s in the time of the economic crisis. Vezetstudomny / capital of Hungary Management Review, 45(2), 46-52. Hyman, M. R., & Sierra, J.J. (2010). Marketing research kit for dummies. Wiley Publishing, Inc. Kawasaki, G. (2004). The art of the start. Palo Alto, CA Portfolio. Kramoli, J., & Kopekov, M. (2013). Product Placement A gifted Marketing Tool Shifting a Company to the Next Competitive Level. Journal Of Competitiveness, 5(4), 98-114. Perreault, W. D., Cannon, J. P., & McCarthy, E. J. (2013). Basic Marketing A Marketing Strategy Planning Approach. (19th ed). McGraw-Hill Irwin, Chicago, IL Peter, J. P., & Donnelly, J. H., Jr. (2011). Marketing management Knowledge and skills (10th ed.). modernistic York, NY McGraw-Hill.Sapkotas, C. (2013). Economic growth, trade & development policy. Retrieved from http//sapkotac.blogspot.com/2013/09/will-nepal-graduate-from-ldc-category.html The World Bank. (2013). Retrieved from http//data.worldbank.org/country/india Mckeever, M. P. (2005). How t o write a business plan. (7th ed). Berkeley, CA Delta impression Solutions, Inc.

Net Sec

1. touch at least five practical applications and tools pre-loaded on the Tar moveWindows01 emcee desktop, and mention whether that application starts as a affect on the arranging or must(prenominal) be run manu everyy. WINDOWS APPLICATION LOADEDSTARTS AS SERVICE Y/N 1. tftpd32 Starts as a attend to 2. FileZilla waiter Interface- The interface does not start as a sup come to the foreanceer and must be ran manu every last(predicate)y 3. Wireshark Does not start as a good and must be ran manu completelyy 4. Nessus Server handler Does not start as a answer and must be ran manu entirelyy 5. NetWitness Investigator Does not start as a improvement and must be ran manu each(prenominal)y 2.What was the allocated source IP multitude speech communication for the TargetWindows01 horde, TargetUbuntu01 innkeeper, and the IP heedlessness gateway router? TagetWindows01 Server- Source IP = 172. 30. 0. 8 TargetUbuntu01 Server Source IP = 172. 30. 0. 4 TargetUbuntu02 Server Source IP = 172. 30. 0. 9 The Default Gateway IP is = 172. 30. 0. 1 3. Did the loted IP bonifaces reply to the ICMP echo- put across packet with an ICMP echo-reply packet when you initiated the ping motivation at your DOS prompt? If yes, how m any(prenominal) a(prenominal) ICMP echo- take packets were move dorsum to the IP source? Yes, the leaded IP host responded back with 4 echo-replies. 4.If you ping the TargetWindows01 master of ceremonies and the UbuntuTarget01 emcee, which handle in the ICMP echo- take/echo-replies falsify? The fields that vary is the sentence To Live (TTL) fields. For the TargetUbuntu01 its 64 and the TargetWindows01 is 128. 5. What is the command line syntax for racetrack an violent S digest with Zenmap on a target subnet of 172. 30. 0. 0/24? The syntax for an Intense S bath in Zenmap is as followed nmap -T4 -A -v -PE -PS22,25,80 -PA21,23,80,3389 172. 30. 0. 0/24 6. Name at least five varied takes that may be f bed from the Zenmap GUI. Document under what circumstances you would choose to run those particular s targets.Intense Scan-Provides a in truth detailed knowledge about miens and communications communications protocols, Operating Systems, and Mac Addresses Internse Scan, all TCP larboards Provide intense scan on all tcp ports 1-65535. Ping Scan-Provide basic training about availability and MAC addresses riotous Scan- Provides a fast scan arrangeing the reckon of TCP ports scanned only the top 100 to the highest degree communal TCP ports Regular Scan-This is the default scan by issuing TCP SYN scans for the most common 1000 TCP ports utilise pings for host detection. 7. How many unalike tests (i. e. , helping hands) did your Intense Scan definition perform?List them all after reviewing the scan report. The Intense Scan initiated 36 Scripts. The records can be gear up at http//nmap. org/nsedoc/ 8. Describe what all(prenominal) of these tests or scripts performs within the Zenmap GUI (Nmap) sc an report. Below are each of the 36 scripts and a description of each, derived from http//nmap. org/nsedoc/. acarsd-info Retrieves training from a arguingening acarsd fanatic. Acarsd rewrites ACARS (Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System) info in real beat. The information retrieved by this script includes the daemon pas seul, API recital, administrator e-mail address and angle of inclinati wizardning frequency. ddress-info Shows spear carrier information about IPv6 addresses, such(prenominal) as embedded MAC or IPv4 addresses when available. afp- creature Performs discussion conjecture against orchard apple tree Filing protocol (AFP). afp-ls Attempts to get mapful information about cross- shows from AFP volumes. The output is intended to gibe the output of ls. afp-path-vuln Detects the Mac OS X AFP directory traversal exposure, CVE-2010-0533. afp- legioninfo Shows AFP master of ceremonies information. This information includes the hosts hostname, I Pv4 and IPv6 addresses, and ironware type (for example Macmini or MacBookPro). fp-showmount Shows AFP shares and ACLs. ajp-auth Retrieves the enfranchisement object and realm of an AJP overhaul (Apache JServ protocol) that requires hallmark. ajp- masher Performs animate being drive war crys auditing against the Apache JServ protocol. The Apache JServ communications protocol is commonly apply by entanglement servers to communicate with back-end coffee berry application server containers. ajp-headers Performs a HEAD or GET request against either the bloodline directory or any optional directory of an Apache JServ Protocol server and returns the server retort headers. ajp- modesDisc all all overs which options are supported by the AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) server by direct an OPTIONS request and enumerates potentially risky methods. ajp-request Requests a URI over the Apache JServ Protocol and displays the result (or stores it in a file). Different AJP methods such as GET, HEAD, prompting, PUT or DELETE may be utilise. amqp-info Gathers information (a list of all server properties) from an AMQP (advanced message queuing protocol) server. asn-query Maps IP addresses to autonomous system (AS) reduces. auth-owners Attempts to look the owner of an open TCP port by querying an auth daemon which must also be open on the target system.The auth service, also cognize as identd, normally runs on port 113. auth-spoof Checks for an identd (auth) server which is spoofing its replies. backorifice-brute Performs brute strength discussion auditing against the BackOrifice service. The backorifice-brute. ports script account is authorization (it specifies ports to run the script against). backorifice-info Connects to a BackOrifice service and gathers information about the host and the BackOrifice service itself. banner A simple banner grabber which connects to an open TCP port and prints out anything sent by the listening service within five seconds. bitcoin-getaddrQueries a Bitcoin server for a list of known Bitcoin nodes bitcoin-info Extracts version and node information from a Bitcoin server bitcoinrpc-info Obtains information from a Bitcoin server by calling getinfo on its JSON-RPC interface. bittorrent- give wayy Discovers bittorrent peers sharing a file based on a exploiter-supplied torrent file or magnet link. Peers implement the Bittorrent protocol and share the torrent, whereas the nodes (only shown if the include-nodes NSE argument is presumptuousness) implement the DHT protocol and are employ to track the peers. The exercises of peers and nodes are not the akin, come on they usually intersect. bjnp- classify upRetrieves printer or scanner information from a external device support the BJNP protocol. The protocol is known to be supported by meshing based Canon devices. mete out-ataoe- debunk Discovers servers supporting the ATA over Ethernet protocol. ATA over Ethernet is an ethernet protocol developed by t he Brantley Coile Company and allows for simple, high-performance entranceway to SATA drives over Ethernet. broadcast-avahi-dos Attempts to discover hosts in the local anaesthetic network victimisation the DNS Service Discovery protocol and sends a NULL UDP packet to each host to test if it is conquerable to the Avahi NULL UDP packet denial of service (CVE-2011-1002). roadcast-bjnp-discover Attempts to discover Canon devices (Printers/Scanners) supporting the BJNP protocol by sending BJNP Discover requests to the network broadcast address for twain ports associated with the protocol. broadcast-db2-discover Attempts to discover DB2 servers on the network by sending a broadcast request to port 523/udp. broadcast-dhcp-discover Sends a DHCP request to the broadcast address (255. 255. 255. 255) and reports the results. The script uses a static MAC address (DEADCODECAFE) tour doing so in order to prevent scope exhaustion. broadcast-dhcp6-discoverSends a DHCPv6 request (Solicit) to t he DHCPv6 multicast address, parses the response, then extracts and prints the address along with any options returned by the server. broadcast-dns-service-discovery Attempts to discover hosts services development the DNS Service Discovery protocol. It sends a multicast DNS-SD query and collects all the responses. broadcast-dropbox-listener Listens for the local area network sync information broadcasts that the Dropbox. com knob broadcasts every 20 seconds, then prints all the discovered client IP addresses, port military issues, version numbers, display name calling, and more. broadcast-eigrp-discoveryPerforms network discovery and routing information gathering by Ciscos deepen Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). broadcast-igmp-discovery Discovers targets that nurture IGMP Multicast memberships and grabs interesting information. broadcast-listener Sniffs the network for incoming broadcast communication and attempts to de mark the genuine packets. It supports protocols like CDP, HSRP, Spotify, DropBox, DHCP, ARP and a few more. debate packetdecoders. lua for more information. broadcast-ms-sql-discover Discovers Microsoft SQL servers in the same broadcast expanse. broadcast-netbios- gain-browserAttempts to discover master browsers and the domains they manage. broadcast-networker-discover Discovers EMC Networker backup software servers on a local area network by sending a network broadcast query. broadcast-novell-locate Attempts to use the Service Location Protocol to discover Novell NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) servers. broadcast-pc-anywhere Sends a special(a) broadcast probe to discover PC-Anywhere hosts running on a LAN. broadcast-pc-duo Discovers PC-DUO strange control hosts and gateways running on a LAN by sending a special broadcast UDP probe. broadcast-pim-discovery Discovers routers that are running PIM (Protocol fissiparous Multicast). roadcast-ping Sends broadcast pings on a selected interface utilize raw ethernet packets and outputs the responding hosts IP and MAC addresses or (if requested) adds them as targets. Root privileges on UNIX are ask to run this script since it uses raw sockets. Most operating systems dont respond to broadcast-ping probes, only when they can be configured to do so. broadcast-pppoe-discover Discovers PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) servers victimization the PPPoE Discovery protocol (PPPoED). PPPoE is an ethernet based protocol so the script has to know what ethernet interface to use for discovery.If no interface is specified, requests are sent out on all available interfaces. broadcast-rip-discover Discovers hosts and routing information from devices running RIPv2 on the LAN. It does so by sending a RIPv2 Request command and collects the responses from all devices responding to the request. broadcast-ripng-discover Discovers hosts and routing information from devices running RIPng on the LAN by sending a broadcast RIPng Request command and collecting any responses. br oadcast-sybase-asa-discover Discovers Sybase Anywhere servers on the LAN by sending broadcast discovery messages. broadcast-tellstick-discoverDiscovers Telldus technical schoolnologies TellStickNet devices on the LAN. The Telldus TellStick is used to wirelessly control electric devices such as lights, dimmers and electric outlets. For more information http//www. telldus. com/ broadcast-upnp-info Attempts to extract system information from the UPnP service by sending a multicast query, then collecting, parsing, and displaying all responses. broadcast-versant-locate Discovers Versant object databases using the broadcast srvloc protocol. broadcast-wake-on-lan Wakes a upstage system up from sleep by sending a Wake-On-Lan packet. broadcast-wpad-discoverRetrieves a list of proxy servers on a LAN using the net Proxy Autodiscovery Protocol (WPAD). It implements both the DHCP and DNS methods of doing so and starts by querying DHCP to get the address. DHCP discovery requires nmap to be runn ing in privileged mode and go forth be skipped when this is not the case. DNS discovery relies on the script being able to resolve the local domain either through a script argument or by attempting to reverse resolve the local IP. broadcast-wsdd-discover Uses a multicast query to discover devices supporting the nett Services Dynamic Discovery (WS-Discovery) protocol.It also attempts to locate any published Windows Communication Framework (WCF) weave services (. NET 4. 0 or later). broadcast-xdmcp-discover Discovers servers running the X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP) by sending a XDMCP broadcast request to the LAN. Display managers allowing access are marked using the keyword Willing in the result. cassandra-brute Performs brute shove parole auditing against the Cassandra database. cassandra-info Attempts to get basic info and server spatial relation from a Cassandra database. cccam-version Detects the CCcam service (software for sharing subscription TV among multipl e receivers). itrix-brute-xml Attempts to guess valid credentials for the Citrix PN Web way of life XML Service. The XML service authenticates against the local Windows server or the Active Directory. citrix-enum-apps Extracts a list of published applications from the ICA Browser service. citrix-enum-apps-xml Extracts a list of applications, ACLs, and settings from the Citrix XML service. citrix-enum-servers Extracts a list of Citrix servers from the ICA Browser service. citrix-enum-servers-xml Extracts the name of the server farm and member servers from Citrix XML service. couchdb-databases Gets database tables from a CouchDB database. ouchdb-stats Gets database statistics from a CouchDB database. creds-summary Lists all discovered credentials (e. g. from brute outcome and default overturnword checking scripts) at end of scan. cups-info Lists printers managed by the CUPS printing service. cups-queue-info Lists currently queued print jobs of the remote CUPS service grouped by pr inter. cvs-brute Performs brute bear on password auditing against CVS pserver authentication. cvs-brute-repository Attempts to guess the name of the CVS repositories hosted on the remote server. With knowledge of the correct repository name, substance abuser label and passwords can be guessed. aap-get-library Retrieves a list of music from a DAAP server. The list includes artist names and album and song titles. daylighttime Retrieves the day and time from the Daytime service. db2-das-info Connects to the IBM DB2 Administration Server (DAS) on TCP or UDP port 523 and exports the server profile. No authentication is required for this request. db2-discover Attempts to discover DB2 servers on the network by querying open ibm-db2 UDP ports (normally port 523). dhcp-discover Sends a DHCPINFORM request to a host on UDP port 67 to obtain all the local human body parameters without allocating a new address. ict-info Connects to a dictionary server using the DICT protocol, runs the SHOW SE RVER command, and displays the result. The DICT protocol is defined in RFC 2229 and is a protocol which allows a client to query a dictionary server for definitions from a set of natural language dictionary databases. distcc-cve2004-2687 Detects and trys a remote code execution photograph in the distributed compiling program daemon distcc. The vulnerability was disclosed in 2002, but is still present in modern execution due to poor abidance of the service. dns-blacklistChecks target IP addresses against multiple DNS anti-spam and open proxy blacklists and returns a list of services for which an IP has been flagged. Checks may be limited by service category (eg SPAM, PROXY) or to a specific service name. dns-brute Attempts to enumerate DNS hostnames by brute pressure guessing of common subdomains. dns- collect-snoop Performs DNS cache snooping against a DNS server. dns-check- regulate Checks DNS zone configuration against best practices, including RFC 1912. The configuration che cks are divided into categories which each have a number of different tests. dns-client-subnet-scanPerforms a domain lookup using the edns-client-subnet option which allows clients to assert the subnet that queries supposedly originate from. The script uses this option to supply a number of geographically distributed locations in an attempt to enumerate as many different address records as possible. The script also supports requests using a given subnet. dns-fuzz Launches a DNS fuzzing approaching against DNS servers. dns-ip6-arpa-scan Performs a quick reverse DNS lookup of an IPv6 network using a technique which analyzes DNS server response codes to dramatically reduce the number of queries needed to enumerate astronomical networks. ns-nsec-enum Enumerates DNS names using the DNSSEC NSEC-walking technique. dns-nsec3-enum Tries to enumerate domain names from the DNS server that supports DNSSEC NSEC3 records. dns-nsid Retrieves information from a DNS nameserver by requesting its n ameserver ID (nsid) and asking for its id. server and version. contain value. This script performs the same queries as the following two dig commands dig CH TXT bind. version target dig +nsid CH TXT id. server target dns-random-srcport Checks a DNS server for the predictable-port recursion vulnerability.Predictable source ports can make a DNS server under attack(predicate) to cache inebriation attacks (see CVE-2008-1447). dns-random-txid Checks a DNS server for the predictable-TXID DNS recursion vulnerability. Predictable TXID values can make a DNS server vulnerable to cache poisoning attacks (see CVE-2008-1447). dns-recursion Checks if a DNS server allows queries for third-party names. It is beared that recursion will be enabled on your own internal nameservers. dns-service-discovery Attempts to discover target hosts services using the DNS Service Discovery protocol. dns-srv-enum Enumerates various common service (SRV) records for a given domain name.The service records conta in the hostname, port and priority of servers for a given service. The following services are enumerated by the script Active Directory Global Catalog Exchange Autodiscovery Kerberos KDC Service Kerberos Passwd Change Service LDAP Servers sip Servers XMPP S2S XMPP C2S dns-up assure Attempts to perform a dynamic DNS update without authentication. dns-zeustracker Checks if the target IP range is part of a genus Zeus botnet by querying ZTDNS abuse. ch. Please review the following information earlier you start to scan https//zeustracker. abuse. ch/ztdns. php dns-zone-transferRequests a zone transfer (AXFR) from a DNS server. domcon-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the Lotus Domino Console. domcon-cmd Runs a soothe command on the Lotus Domino Console using the given authentication credentials (see also domcon-brute) domino-enum-users Attempts to discover valid IBM Lotus Domino users and download their ID files by exploiting the CVE-2006-5835 vulnerability. dpap-brute Performs brute force password auditing against an iPhoto Library. drda-brute Performs password guessing against databases supporting the IBM DB2 protocol such as Informix, DB2 and Derby drda-infoAttempts to extract information from database servers supporting the DRDA protocol. The script sends a DRDA EXCSAT (exchange server attributes) command packet and parses the response. duplicates Attempts to discover multihomed systems by analysing and comparing information collected by early(a) scripts. The information analyzed currently includes, SSL certificates, SSH host keys, MAC addresses, and Netbios server names. eap-info Enumerates the authentication methods offered by an EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) valuator for a given identity or for the unidentified identity if no argument is passed. pmd-info Connects to Erlang Port coconspirator Daemon (epmd) and retrieves a list of nodes with their respective port numbers. eppc-enum- treates Attempts to enumerate proc ess info over the apple Remote Event protocol. When accessing an application over the apple Remote Event protocol the service responds with the uid and pelvic inflammatory disease of the application, if it is running, prior to requesting authentication. finger Attempts to retrieve a list of usernames using the finger service. firewalk Tries to discover firewall rules using an IP TTL expiration technique known as firewalking. firewall-bypassDetects a vulnerability in netfilter and other firewalls that use helpers to dynamically open ports for protocols such as ftp and sip. flume-master-info Retrieves information from Flume master HTTP rascals. ftp-anon Checks if an FTP server allows anonymous logins. ftp-bounce Checks to see if an FTP server allows port scan using the FTP bounce method. ftp-brute Performs brute force password auditing against FTP servers. ftp-libopie Checks if an FTPd is prone to CVE-2010-1938 (OPIE off-by-one stack overspill), a vulnerability discovered by Maksy milian Arciemowicz and Adam pi3 Zabrocki. See the advisory at http//nmap. rg/r/fbsd-sa-opie. Be advised that, if launched against a vulnerable host, this script will bash the FTPd. ftp-proftpd-backdoor Tests for the presence of the ProFTPD 1. 3. 3c backdoor reported as OSVDB-ID 69562. This script attempts to exploit the backdoor using the innocuous id command by default, but that can be changed with the ftp-proftpd-backdoor. cmd script argument. ftp-vsftpd-backdoor Tests for the presence of the vsFTPd 2. 3. 4 backdoor reported on 2011-07-04 (CVE-2011-2523). This script attempts to exploit the backdoor using the innocuous id command by default, but that can be changed with the exploit. md or ftp-vsftpd-backdoor. cmd script arguments. ftp-vuln-cve2010-4221 Checks for a stack-based buffer overflow in the ProFTPD server, version between 1. 3. 2rc3 and 1. 3. 3b. By sending a large number of TELNET_IAC escape sequence, the proftpd process miscalculates the buffer length, and a remote att acker will be able to abuse the stack and execute arbitrary code within the context of the proftpd process (CVE-2010-4221). Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. ganglia-info Retrieves system information (OS version, available memory, etc. from a listening Ganglia Monitoring Daemon or Ganglia Meta Daemon. giop-info Queries a CORBA naming server for a list of objects. gkrellm-info Queries a GKRellM service for monitoring information. A single round of collection is made, showing a snapshot of information at the time of the request. gopher-ls Lists files and directories at the root of a gopher service. gpsd-info Retrieves GPS time, coordinates and speed from the GPSD network daemon. hadoop-datanode-info Discovers information such as log directories from an Apache Hadoop DataNode HTTP stipulation summon. hadoop-jobtracker-infoRetrieves information from an Apache Hadoop JobTracker HTTP status page. hadoop-namenode-info Retrieves information from an Apache Had oop NameNode HTTP status page. hadoop-secondary-namenode-info Retrieves information from an Apache Hadoop secondary NameNode HTTP status page. hadoop-tasktracker-info Retrieves information from an Apache Hadoop TaskTracker HTTP status page. hbase-master-info Retrieves information from an Apache HBase (Hadoop database) master HTTP status page. hbase-region-info Retrieves information from an Apache HBase (Hadoop database) region server HTTP status page. hddtemp-infoReads hard disk information (such as brand, model, and sometimes temperature) from a listening hddtemp service. hostmap-bfk Discovers hostnames that resolve to the targets IP address by querying the online database at http//www. bfk. de/bfk_dnslogger. html. hostmap-robtex Discovers hostnames that resolve to the targets IP address by querying the online Robtex service at http//ip. robtex. com/. http-affiliate-id Grabs affiliate network IDs (e. g. Google AdSense or Analytics, Amazon Associates, etc. ) from a wind vane page. These can be used to identify pages with the same owner. http-apache-negotiationChecks if the target http server has mod_negotiation enabled. This feature can be leveraged to find hidden resources and spider a web site using fewer requests. http-auth Retrieves the authentication scheme and realm of a web service that requires authentication. http-auth-finder Spiders a web site to find web pages requiring form-based or HTTP-based authentication. The results are returned in a table with each url and the detected method. http-awstatstotals-exec Exploits a remote code execution vulnerability in Awstats Totals 1. 0 up to 1. 14 and possibly other products based on it (CVE 2008-3922). ttp-axis2-dir-traversal Exploits a directory traversal vulnerability in Apache Axis2 version 1. 4. 1 by sending a peculiarly crafted request to the parameter xsd (OSVDB-59001). By default it will try to retrieve the configuration file of the Axis2 service /conf/axis2. xml using the path /axis2/services/ to r eturn the username and password of the admin account. http-backup-finder Spiders a website and attempts to identify backup copies of discovered files. It does so by requesting a number of different combinations of the filename (eg. business leader. bak, index. html, copy of index. html). http-barracuda-dir-traversalAttempts to retrieve the configuration settings from a Barracuda Networks Spam & Virus Firewall device using the directory traversal vulnerability described at http//seclists. org/full revelation/2010/Oct/119. http-brute Performs brute force password auditing against http basic authentication. http-cakephp-version Obtains the CakePHP version of a web application built with the CakePHP framework by reproduce default files shipped with the CakePHP framework. http-chrono Measures the time a website takes to deliver a web page and returns the maximum, minimum and average time it took to fetch a page. ttp-config-backup Checks for backups and swap files of common content mana gement system and web server configuration files. http-cors Tests an http server for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS), a way for domains to explicitly opt in to having certain methods invoked by another domain. http-date Gets the date from HTTP-like services. Also prints how much the date differs from local time. Local time is the time the HTTP request was sent, so the difference includes at least the duration of one RTT. http-default-accounts Tests for access with default credentials used by a variety of web applications and devices. ttp-domino-enum-passwords Attempts to enumerate the hashed Domino Internet battle crys that are (by default) accessible by all authenticated users. This script can also download any Domino ID Files attached to the person document. http-drupal-enum-users Enumerates Drupal users by exploiting a an information revealing vulnerability in Views, Drupals most universal module. http-drupal-modules Enumerates the installed Drupal modules by using a li st of known modules. http-email-harvest Spiders a web site and collects e-mail addresses. http-enum Enumerates directories used by popular web applications and servers. ttp-exif-spider Spiders a sites images looking for interesting exif data embedded in . jpg files. Displays the make and model of the camera, the date the photo was taken, and the embedded geotag information. http-favicon Gets the favicon (favorites icon) from a web page and matches it against a database of the icons of known web applications. If on that point is a match, the name of the application is printed otherwise the MD5 hash of the icon data is printed. http-form-brute Performs brute force password auditing against http form-based authentication. http-form-fuzzerPerforms a simple form fuzzing against forms found on websites. Tries strings and numbers of increasing length and attempts to designate if the fuzzing was successful. http-frontpage-login Checks whether target machines are vulnerable to anonymous Fr ontpage login. http-generator Displays the contents of the generator meta tag of a web page (default /) if there is one. http- rump Checks for a Git repository found in a websites document root /. git/) and retrieves as much repo information as possible, including language/framework, remotes, last commit message, and repository description. http-gitweb-projects-enumRetrieves a list of Git projects, owners and descriptions from a gitweb (web interface to the Git revision control system). http-google-malware Checks if hosts are on Googles blacklist of guess malware and phishing servers. These lists are constantly updated and are part of Googles Safe Browsing service. http-grep Spiders a website and attempts to match all pages and urls against a given string. Matches are counted and grouped per url under which they were discovered. http-headers Performs a HEAD request for the root brochure (/) of a web server and displays the HTTP headers returned. http-huawei-hg5xx-vulnDetects Huawe i modems models HG530x, HG520x, HG510x (and possibly others ) vulnerable to a remote credential and information disclosure vulnerability. It also extracts the PPPoE credentials and other interesting configuration values. http-icloud-findmyiphone Retrieves the locations of all Find my iPhone enabled iOS devices by querying the MobileMe web service (authentication required). http-icloud-sendmsg Sends a message to a iOS device through the Apple MobileMe web service. The device has to be registered with an Apple ID using the Find My Iphone application. http-iis-webdav-vuln Checks for a vulnerability in IIS 5. /6. 0 that allows arbitrary users to access secured WebDAV folders by look for for a password-protected folder and attempting to access it. This vulnerability was patched in Microsoft Security Bulletin MS09-020, http//nmap. org/r/ms09-020. http-joomla-brute Performs brute force password auditing against Joomla web CMS installations. http-litespeed-sourcecode-download Exploits a nu ll-byte poisoning vulnerability in Litespeed Web Servers 4. 0. x before 4. 0. 15 to retrieve the target scripts source code by sending a HTTP request with a null byte followed by a . txt file extension service (CVE-2010-2333). ttp-major(ip)domo2-dir-traversal Exploits a directory traversal vulnerability active in Majordomo2 to retrieve remote files. (CVE-2011-0049). http-malware-host Looks for signature of known server compromises. http-method-tamper Attempts to bypass password protected resources (HTTP 401 status) by execute HTTP verb tampering. If an array of paths to check is not set, it will crawl the web server and perform the check against any password protected resource that it finds. http-methods Finds out what options are supported by an HTTP server by sending an OPTIONS request. Lists potentially risky methods.Optionally tests each method individually to see if they are subject to e. g. IP address restrictions. http-open-proxy Checks if an HTTP proxy is open. http-open- redirect Spiders a website and attempts to identify open redirects. Open redirects are handlers which commonly take a universal resource locator as a parameter and responds with a http redirect (3XX) to the target. Risks of open redirects are described at http//cwe. mitre. org/data/definitions/601. html. http-passwd Checks if a web server is vulnerable to directory traversal by attempting to retrieve /etc/passwd or oot. ini. http-php-version Attempts to retrieve the PHP version from a web server.PHP has a number of magic queries that return images or text that can vary with the PHP version. This script uses the following queries /? =PHPE9568F36-D428-11d2-A769-00AA001ACF42 gets a GIF logo, which changes on April Fools Day. /? =PHPB8B5F2A0-3C92-11d3-A3A9-4C7B08C10000 gets an HTML credits page. http-phpself-xss Crawls a web server and attempts to find PHP files vulnerable to reflected cross site scripting via the variable $_SERVERPHP_SELF. http-proxy-brute Performs brute force password guessing against HTTP proxy servers. http-put Uploads a local file to a remote web server using the HTTP PUT method.You must specify the filename and uniform resource locator path with NSE arguments. http-qnap-nas-info Attempts to retrieve the model, firmware version, and enabled services from a QNAP Network Attached retention (NAS) device. http-rfi-spider Crawls webservers in search of RFI (remote file inclusion) vulnerabilities. It tests every form field it finds and every parameter of a URL containing a query. http-robots. txt Checks for disallowed entries in /robots. txt on a web server. http-robtex-reverse-ip Obtains up to 100 forward DNS names for a target IP address by querying the Robtex service (http//www. robtex. com/ip/). http-robtex-shared-nsFinds up to 100 domain names which use the same name server as the target by querying the Robtex service at http//www. robtex. com/dns/. http-sitemap-generator Spiders a web server and displays its directory structure along with n umber and types of files in each folder. Note that files listed as having an Other extension are ones that have no extension or that are a root document. http-slowloris Tests a web server for vulnerability to the Slowloris DoS attack by launching a Slowloris attack. http-slowloris-check Tests a web server for vulnerability to the Slowloris DoS attack without actually launching a DoS attack. ttp-sql-injection Spiders an HTTP server looking for URLs containing queries vulnerable to an SQL injection attack. It also extracts forms from found websites and tries to identify fields that are vulnerable. http-title Shows the title of the default page of a web server. http-tplink-dir-traversal Exploits a directory traversal vulnerability existing in several TP-Link wireless routers. Attackers may exploit this vulnerability to read any of the configuration and password files remotely and without authentication. http-trace Sends an HTTP TRACE request and shows if the method TRACE is enabled.If debug is enabled, it returns the header fields that were modified in the response. http-traceroute Exploits the Max-Forwards HTTP header to detect the presence of reverse proxies. http-unsafe-output-escaping Spiders a website and attempts to identify output escaping problems where content is reflected back to the user. This script locates all parameters, ? x=foo&y=bar and checks if the values are reflected on the page. If they are indeed reflected, the script will try to insert ghzhzxzxcxcv and check which (if any) characters were reflected back onto the page without proper html escaping.This is an indication of potential XSS vulnerability. http-userdir-enum Attempts to enumerate valid usernames on web servers running with the mod_userdir module or similar enabled. http-vhosts Searches for web virtual hostnames by making a large number of HEAD requests against http servers using common hostnames. http-virustotal Checks whether a file has been containd as malware by Virustotal. Viru stotal is a service that contributes the capability to scan a file or check a checksum against a number of the major antivirus vendors.The script uses the public API which requires a valid API key and has a limit on 4 queries per minute. A key can be acquired by registering as a user on the virustotal web page http//www. virustotal. com http-vlcstreamer-ls Connects to a VLC streamer helper service and lists directory contents. The VLC Streamer helper service is used by the iOS VLC Streamer application to enable streaming of multimedia content from the remote server to the device. http-vmware-path-vuln Checks for a path-traversal vulnerability in VMWare ESX, ESXi, and Server (CVE-2009-3733). http-vuln-cve2009-3960Exploits cve-2009-3960 also known as Adobe XML External Entity Injection. http-vuln-cve2010-0738 Tests whether a JBoss target is vulnerable to jmx console authentication bypass (CVE-2010-0738). http-vuln-cve2010-2861 Executes a directory traversal attack against a ColdFus ion server and tries to grab the password hash for the administrator user. It then uses the brininess value (hidden in the web page) to create the SHA1 HMAC hash that the web server needs for authentication as admin. You can pass this value to the ColdFusion server as the admin without cracking the password hash. ttp-vuln-cve2011-3192 Detects a denial of service vulnerability in the way the Apache web server handles requests for multiple coincide/simple ranges of a page. http-vuln-cve2011-3368 Tests for the CVE-2011-3368 (Reverse Proxy Bypass) vulnerability in Apache HTTP servers reverse proxy mode. The script will run 3 tests o the loopback test, with 3 payloads to handle different rewrite rules o the internal hosts test. According to Contextis, we expect a delay before a server error. o The external website test. This does not mean that you can reach a LAN ip, but this is a relevant issue anyway. ttp-vuln-cve2012-1823 Detects PHP-CGI installations that are vulnerable to CVE-2012 -1823, This minute vulnerability allows attackers to retrieve source code and execute code remotely. http-waf-detect Attempts to unsex whether a web server is protected by an IPS (Intrusion Prevention System), IDS (Intrusion Detection System) or WAF (Web Application Firewall) by probing the web server with malicious payloads and detecting changes in the response code and body. http-waf-fingerprint Tries to detect the presence of a web application firewall and its type and version. http-wordpress-brute erforms brute force password auditing against WordPress CMS/blog installations. http-wordpress-enum Enumerates usernames in WordPress blog/CMS installations by exploiting an information disclosure vulnerability existing in versions 2. 6, 3. 1, 3. 1. 1, 3. 1. 3 and 3. 2-beta2 and possibly others. http-wordpress-plugins Tries to obtain a list of installed WordPress plugins by brute force testing for known plugins. iax2-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the Asterisk I AX2 protocol. Guessing fails when a large number of attempts is made due to the maxcallnumber limit (default 2048).In case your getting ERROR Too many retries, aborted after a while, this is most likely whats happening. In order to avoid this problem try reducing the size of your dictionary use the brute delay option to introduce a delay between guesses split the guessing up in chunks and wait for a while between them iax2-version Detects the UDP IAX2 service. icap-info Tests a list of known ICAP service names and prints information about any it detects. The Internet Content Adaptation Protocol (ICAP) is used to extend transparent proxy servers and is broadly speaking used for content filtering and antivirus scanning. ke-version Get information from an IKE service. Tests the service with both Main and Aggressive Mode. Sends multiple transforms in a single request, so currently, only four packets are sent to the host. imap-brute Performs brute force password auditing against I MAP servers using either LOGIN, PLAIN, CRAM-MD5, DIGEST-MD5 or NTLM authentication. imap-capabilities Retrieves IMAP email server capabilities. informix-brute Performs brute force password auditing against IBM Informix Dynamic Server. informix-query Runs a query against IBM Informix Dynamic Server using the given authentication credentials (see also informix-brute). nformix-tables Retrieves a list of tables and column definitions for each database on an Informix server. ip-forwarding Detects whether the remote device has ip forwarding or Internet connection sharing enabled, by sending an ICMP echo request to a given target using the scanned host as default gateway. ip-geolocation-geobytes Tries to identify the somatogenetic location of an IP address using the Geobytes geolocation web service (http//www. geobytes. com/iplocator. htm). The limit of lookups using this service is 20 requests per hour. Once the limit is reached, an nmap. registryip-geolocation-geobytes. blocked oolean i s set so no further requests are made during a scan. ip-geolocation-geoplugin Tries to identify the physical location of an IP address using the Geoplugin geolocation web service (http//www. geoplugin. com/). There is no limit on lookups using this service. ip-geolocation-ipinfodb Tries to identify the physical location of an IP address using the IPInfoDB geolocation web service (http//ipinfodb. com/ip_location_api. php). ip-geolocation-maxmind Tries to identify the physical location of an IP address using a Geolocation Maxmind database file (available from http//www. maxmind. com/app/ip-location).This script supports queries using all Maxmind databases that are supported by their API including the commercial ones. ipidseq Classifies a hosts IP ID sequence (test for susceptibility to idle scan). ipv6-node-info Obtains hostnames, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses through IPv6 Node Information Queries. ipv6-ra-flood Generates a flood of Router Advertisements (RA) with random source MAC addresse s and IPv6 prefixes. Computers, which have stateless autoconfiguration enabled by default (every major OS), will start to compute IPv6 suffix and update their routing table to reflect the recognized announcement.This will cause 100% CPU usage on Windows and platforms, preventing to process other application requests. irc-botnet-channels Checks an IRC server for channels that are commonly used by malicious botnets. irc-brute Performs brute force password auditing against IRC (Internet put across Chat) servers. irc-info Gathers information from an IRC server. irc-sasl-brute Performs brute force password auditing against IRC (Internet Relay Chat) servers supporting SASL authentication. irc-unrealircd-backdoor Checks if an IRC server is backdoored by running a time-based command (ping) and checking how long it takes to respond. scsi-brute Performs brute force password auditing against iSCSI targets. iscsi-info Collects and displays information from remote iSCSI targets. isns-info List s portals and iSCSI nodes registered with the Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS). jdwp-exec Attempts to exploit javas remote debugging port. When remote debugging port is left open, it is possible to inject java bytecode and hand remote code execution. This script abuses this to inject and execute a Java class file that executes the supplied reproof command and returns its output. jdwp-info Attempts to exploit javas remote debugging port.When remote debugging port is left open, it is possible to inject java bytecode and procure remote code execution. This script injects and execute a Java class file that returns remote system information. jdwp-inject Attempts to exploit javas remote debugging port. When remote debugging port is left open, it is possible to inject java bytecode and achieve remote code execution. This script allows injection of arbitrary class files. jdwp-version Detects the Java Debug Wire Protocol. This protocol is used by Java programs to be debugged via the n etwork.It should not be open to the public Internet, as it does not provide any security against malicious attackers who can inject their own bytecode into the debugged process. krb5-enum-users Discovers valid usernames by brute force querying likely usernames against a Kerberos service. When an invalid username is requested the server will responde using the Kerberos error code KRB5KDC_ERR_C_PRINCIPAL_UNKNOWN, allowing us to determine that the user name was invalid. Valid user names will illicit either the TGT in a AS-REP response or the error KRB5KDC_ERR_PREAUTH_REQUIRED, signaling that the user is required to perform pre authentication. dap-brute Attempts to brute-force LDAP authentication. By default it uses the built-in username and password lists. In order to use your own lists use the userdb and passdb script arguments. ldap-novell-getpass Universal Password enables advanced password policies, including extended characters in passwords, synchronization of passwords from eDire ctory to other systems, and a single password for all access to eDirectory. ldap-rootdse Retrieves the LDAP root DSA-specific Entry (DSE) ldap-search Attempts to perform an LDAP search and returns all matches. lexmark-config Retrieves configuration information from a Lexmark S300-S400 printer. lmnr-resolve Resolves a hostname by using the LLMNR (Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution) protocol. lltd-discovery Uses the Microsoft LLTD protocol to discover hosts on a local network. maxdb-info Retrieves version and database information from a SAP Max DB database. mcafee-epo-agent Check if ePO agent is running on port 8081 or port identified as ePO Agent port. membase-brute Performs brute force password auditing against Couchbase Membase servers. membase-http-info Retrieves information (hostname, OS, uptime, etc. ) from the CouchBase Web Administration port. The information retrieved by this script does not require any credentials. emcached-info Retrieves information (including system arch itecture, process ID, and server time) from distributed memory object caching system memcached. metasploit-info Gathers info from the Metasploit rpc service. It requires a valid login pair. After authentication it tries to determine Metasploit version and deduce the OS type. Then it creates a new console and executes few commands to get redundant info. References * http//wiki. msgpack. org/display/MSGPACK/Format+specification * https//community. rapid7. com/docs/DOC-1516 Metasploit RPC API Guide metasploit-msgrpc-brutePerforms brute force username and password auditing against Metasploit msgrpc interface. metasploit-xmlrpc-brute Performs brute force password auditing against a Metasploit RPC server using the XMLRPC protocol. mmouse-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the RPA Tech Mobile Mouse servers. mmouse-exec Connects to an RPA Tech Mobile Mouse server, starts an application and sends a sequence of keys to it. Any application that the user has access to can be started and the key sequence is sent to the application after it has been started. modbus-discover Enumerates SCADA Modbus slave ids (sids) and collects their device information. ongodb-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the MongoDB database. mongodb-databases Attempts to get a list of tables from a MongoDB database. mongodb-info Attempts to get build info and server status from a MongoDB database. mrinfo Queries targets for multicast routing information. ms-sql-brute Performs password guessing against Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql). Works best in conjunction with the broadcast-ms-sql-discover script. ms-sql-config Queries Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql) instances for a list of databases, linked servers, and configuration settings. ms-sql-dacQueries the Microsoft SQL Browser service for the DAC (Dedicated Admin Connection) port of a given (or all) SQL Server instance. The DAC port is used to connect to the database instance when normal connection attempts fail, for ex ample, when server is hanging, out of memory or in other bad states. In accompaniment, the DAC port provides an admin with access to system objects otherwise not accessible over normal connections. ms-sql-dump-hashes Dumps the password hashes from an MS-SQL server in a format suitable for cracking by tools such as John-the-ripper. In order to do so the user needs to have the take away DB privileges. s-sql-empty-password Attempts to authenticate to Microsoft SQL Servers using an empty password for the sysadmin (sa) account. ms-sql-hasdbaccess Queries Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql) instances for a list of databases a user has access to. ms-sql-info Attempts to determine configuration and version information for Microsoft SQL Server instances. ms-sql-query Runs a query against Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql). ms-sql-tables Queries Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql) for a list of tables per database. ms-sql-xp-cmdshell Attempts to run a command using the command shell of Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql). msrpc-enumQueries an MSRPC conclusion mapper for a list of mapped services and displays the gathered information. mtrace Queries for the multicast path from a source to a terminal host. murmur-version Detects the Murmur service (server for the Mumble voice communication client) version 1. 2. 0 and above. mysql-audit Audits MySQL database server security configuration against parts of the CIS MySQL v1. 0. 2 benchmark (the engine can be used for other MySQL audits by creating enchant audit files). mysql-brute Performs password guessing against MySQL. mysql-databases Attempts to list all databases on a MySQL server. mysql-dump-hashesDumps the password hashes from an MySQL server in a format suitable for cracking by tools such as John the Ripper. Appropriate DB privileges (root) are required. mysql-empty-password Checks for MySQL servers with an empty password for root or anonymous. mysql-enum Performs valid user enumeration against MySQL server. mysql-info Connects to a My SQL server and prints information such as the protocol and version numbers, thread ID, status, capabilities, and the password salt. mysql-query Runs a query against a MySQL database and returns the results as a table. mysql-users Attempts to list all users on a MySQL server. mysql-variablesAttempts to show all variables on a MySQL server. mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 nat-pmp-info Gets the routers WAN IP using the NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP). The NAT-PMP protocol is supported by a broad range of routers including Apple AirPort Express Apple AirPort Extreme Apple Time Capsule DD-WRT OpenWrt v8. 09 or higher, with MiniUPnP daemon pfSense v2. 0 Tarifa (firmware) (Linksys WRT54G/GL/GS) Tomato Firmware v1. 24 or higher. (Linksys WRT54G/GL/GS and many more) Peplink proportion nat-pmp-mapport Maps a WAN port on the router to a local port on the client using the NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP).It supports the following operations o map maps a new external port on the router to an internal port of the requesting IP o unmap unmaps a previously mapped port for the requesting IP o unmapall unmaps all previously mapped ports for the requesting IP nbstat Attempts to retrieve the targets NetBIOS names and MAC address. ncp-enum-users Retrieves a list of all eDirectory users from the Novell NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) service. ncp-serverinfo Retrieves eDirectory server information (OS version, server name, mounts, etc. ) from the Novell NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) service. ndmp-fs-infoLists remote file systems by querying the remote device using the Network Data Management Protocol (ndmp). NDMP is a protocol intended to transport data between a NAS device and the backup device, removing the need for the data to pass through the backup server. The following products are known to support the protocol Amanda Bacula CA Arcserve CommVault Simpana EMC Networker Hitachi Data Systems IBM Tivoli seek Software Netvault Backup Symantec Netbackup Symantec Backup Exec n dmp-version Retrieves version information from the remote Network Data Management Protocol (ndmp) service.NDMP is a protocol intended to transport data between a NAS device and the backup device, removing the need for the data to pass through the backup server. The following products are known to support the protocol Amanda Bacula CA Arcserve CommVault Simpana EMC Networker Hitachi Data Systems IBM Tivoli Quest Software Netvault Backup Symantec Netbackup Symantec Backup Exec nessus-brute Performs brute force password auditing against a Nessus vulnerability scanning daemon using the NTP 1. 2 protocol. nessus-xmlrpc-brute Performs brute force password auditing against a Nessus vulnerability scanning daemon using the XMLRPC protocol. etbus-auth-bypass Checks if a NetBus server is vulnerable to an authentication bypass vulnerability which allows full access without knowing the password. netbus-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the Netbus backdoor (remote administratio n) service. netbus-info Opens a connection to a NetBus server and extracts information about the host and the NetBus service itself. netbus-version Extends version detection to detect NetBuster, a honeypot service that mimes NetBus. nexpose-brute Performs brute force password auditing against a Nexpose vulnerability scanner using the API 1. 1.By default it only tries collar guesses per username to avoid target account lockout. nfs-ls Attempts to get profitable information about files from NFS exports. The output is intended to check the output of ls. nfs-showmount Shows NFS exports, like the showmount -e command. nfs-statfs Retrieves disk space statistics and information from a remote NFS share. The output is intended to correspond the output of df. nping-brute Performs brute force password auditing against an Nping Echo service. nrpe-enum Queries Nagios Remote Plugin Executor (NRPE) daemons to obtain information such as load averages, process counts, logged in user information, etc. tp-info Gets the time and configuration variables from an NTP server. We send two requests a time request and a read variables (opcode 2) control message. Without verbosity, the script shows the time and the value of the version, processor, system, refid, and stratum variables. With verbosity, all variables are shown. ntp-monlist Obtains and prints an NTP servers monitor data. omp2-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the OpenVAS manager using OMPv2. omp2-enum-targets Attempts to retrieve the list of target systems and networks from an OpenVAS Manager server. openlookup-infoParses and displays the banner information of an OpenLookup (network key-value store) server. openvas-otp-brute Performs brute force password auditing against a OpenVAS vulnerability scanner daemon using the OTP 1. 0 protocol. oracle-brute Performs brute force password auditing against Oracle servers. oracle-brute-stealth Exploits the CVE-2012-3137 vulnerability, a weakness in Oracles O5LOGI N authentication scheme. The vulnerability exists in Oracle 11g R1/R2 and allows linking the session key to a password hash. When initiating an authentication attempt as a valid user the server will respond with a session key and salt.Once received the script will disconnect the connection thereby not recording the login attempt. The session key and salt can then be used to brute force the users password. oracle-enum-users Attempts to enumerate valid Oracle user names against unpatched Oracle 11g servers (this bug was fixed in Oracles October 2009 Critical Patch Update). oracle-sid-brute Guesses Oracle instance/SID names against the TNS-listener. ovs-agent-version Detects the version of an Oracle Virtual Server Agent by fingerprinting responses to an HTTP GET request and an XML-RPC method call. p2p-conficker Checks if a host is infected with Conficker.C or higher, based on Confickers peer to peer communication. path-mtu Performs simple cart track MTU Discovery to target hosts. pcan ywhere-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the pcAnywhere remote access protocol. pgsql-brute Performs password guessing against PostgreSQL. pjl-ready-message Retrieves or sets the ready message on printers that support the Printer Job Language. This includes most PostScript printers that listen on port 9100. Without an argument, displays the current ready message. With the pjl_ready_message script argument, displays the old ready message and changes it to the message given. op3-brute Tries to log into a POP3 account by guessing usernames and passwords. pop3-capabilities Retrieves POP3 email server capabilities. pptp-version Attempts to extract system information from the point-to-point tunneling protocol (PPTP) service. qscan repeatedly probe open and/or closed ports on a host to obtain a serial publication of round-trip time values for each port. These values are used to group collections of ports which are statistically different from other groups. Ports being in different groups (or families) may be due to network mechanisms such as port forwarding to machines behind a NAT. quake3-infoExtracts information from a Quake3 game server and other games which use the same protocol. quake3-master-getservers Queries Quake3-style master servers for game servers (many games other than Quake 3 use this same protocol). rdp-enum-encryption Determines which Security seam and Encryption level is supported by the RDP service. It does so by cycling through all existing protocols and ciphers. When run in debug mode, the script also returns the protocols and ciphers that fail and any errors that were reported. rdp-vuln-ms12-020 Checks if a machine is vulnerable to MS12-020 RDP vulnerability. realvnc-auth-bypassChecks if a VNC server is vulnerable to the RealVNC authentication bypass (CVE-2006-2369). redis-brute Performs brute force passwords auditing against a Redis key-value store. redis-info Retrieves information (such as version number and architecture) f rom a Redis key-value store. resolveall Resolves hostnames and adds every address (IPv4 or IPv6, depending on Nmap mode) to Nmaps target list. This differs from Nmaps normal host resolution process, which only scans the first address (A or AAAA record) returned for each host name. reverse-index Creates a reverse index at the end of scan output showing which hosts run a particular service.This is in addition to Nmaps normal output listing the services on each host. rexec-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the holy UNIX rexec (remote exec) service. riak-http-info Retrieves information (such as node name and architecture) from a Basho Riak distributed database using the HTTP protocol. rlogin-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the guiltless UNIX rlogin (remote login) service. This script must be run in privileged mode on UNIX because it must bind to a low source port number. rmi-dumpregistry Connects to a remote RMI registry and attempts to dump all of its objects. mi-vuln-classloader Tests whether Java rmiregistry allows class loading. The default configuration of rmiregistry allows loading classes from remote URLs, which can lead to remote code execution. The vendor (Oracle/Sun) classifies this as a design feature. rpc-grind Fingerprints the target RPC port to extract the target service, RPC number and version. rpcap-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the WinPcap Remote Capture Daemon (rpcap). rpcap-info Connects to the rpcap service (provides remote sniffing capabilities through WinPcap) and retrieves interface information.The service can either be setup to require authentication or not and also supports IP restrictions. rpcinfo Connects to portmapper and fetches a list of all registered programs. It then prints out a table including (for each program) the RPC program number, supported version numbers, port number and protocol, and program name. rsync-brute Performs brute force password auditing against th e rsync remote file syncing protocol. rsync-list-modules Lists modules available for rsync (remote file sync) synchronization. rtsp-methods Determines which methods are supported by the RTSP (real time streaming protocol) server. tsp-url-brute Attempts to enumerate RTSP media URLS by testing for common paths on devices such as surveillance IP cameras. samba-vuln-cve-2012-1182 Checks if target machines are vulnerable to the Samba heap overflow vulnerability CVE-2012-1182. servicetags Attempts to extract system information (OS, hardware, etc. ) from the Sun Service Tags service agent (UDP port 6481). sip-brute Performs brute force password auditing against Session Initiation Protocol (SIP http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol) accounts. This protocol is most commonly associated with VoIP sessions. ip-call-spoof Spoofs a call to a SIP phone and detects the action taken by the target (busy, declined, hung up, etc. ) sip-enum-users Enumerates a SIP servers valid exte nsions (users). sip-methods Enumerates a SIP Servers allowed methods (INVITE, OPTIONS, SUBSCRIBE, etc. ) skypev2-version Detects the Skype version 2 service. smb-brute Attempts to guess username/password combinations over SMB, storing discovered combinations for use in other scripts. Every attempt will be made to get a valid list of users and to verify each username before actually using them.When a username is discovered, also being printed, it is also saved in the Nmap registry so other Nmap scripts can use it. That means that if youre going to run smb-brute. nse, you should run other smb scripts you want. This checks passwords in a case-insensitive way, determining case after a password is found, for Windows versions before Vista. smb-check-vulns Checks for vulnerabilities MS08-067, a Windows RPC vulnerability Conficker, an infection by the Conficker worm Unnamed regsvc DoS, a denial-of-service vulnerability I accidentally found in Windows 2000 SMBv2 exploit (CVE-2009-3103, Micr osoft Security Advisory 75497) MS06-025, a Windows Ras RPC service vulnerability MS07-029, a Windows Dns Server RPC service vulnerability smb-enum-domains Attempts to enumerate domains on a system, along with their policies. This generally requires credentials, except against Windows 2000. In addition to the actual domain, the Builtin domain is generally displayed. Windows returns this in the list of domains, but its policies dont appear to be used anywhere. smb-enum-groups Obtains a list of groups from the remote Windows system, as well as a list of the groups users. This works similarly to enum. exe with the /G switch. smb-enum-processesPulls a list of processes from the remote server over SMB. This will determine all running processes, their process IDs, and their parent processes. It is through with(p) by querying the remote registry service, which is disabled by default on Vista on all other Windows versions, it requires Administrator privileges. smb-enum-sessions Enumerates t he users logged into a system either locally or through an SMB share. The local users can be logged on either physically on the machine, or through a terminal services session. Connections to a SMB share are, for example, people committed to fileshares or making RPC calls.Nmaps connection will also show up, and is generally identified by the one that connected 0 seconds ago. smb-enum-shares Attempts to list shares using the srvsvc. NetShareEnumAll MSRPC function and retrieve more information about them using srvsvc. NetShareGetInfo. If access to those functions is denied, a list of common share names are checked. smb-enum-users Attempts to enumerate the users on a remote Windows system, with as much information as possible, through two different techniques (both over MSRPC, which uses port 445 or 139 see smb. lua). The goal of this script is to iscover all user accounts that exist on a remote system. This can be helpful for administration, by seeing who has an account on a server, o r for discernment testing or network footprinting, by determining which accounts exist on a system. smb-flood Exhausts a remote SMB servers connection limit by by opening as many connections as we can. Most implementations of SMB have a hard global limit of 11 connections for user accounts and 10 connections for anonymous. Once that limit is reached, further connections are denied. This script exploits that limit by taking up all the connections and holding them. smb-lsAttempts to retrieve useful information about files shared on SMB volumes. The output is intended to resemble the output of the UNIX ls command. smb-mbenum Queries information managed by the Windows Master Browser. smb-os-discovery Attempts to determine the operating system, computer name, domain, workgroup, and current time over the SMB protocol (ports 445 or 139). This is done by starting a session with the anonymous account (or with a proper user account, if one is given it likely doesnt make a difference) in resp onse to a session starting, the server will send back all this information. smb-print-text